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CONCRETE
1
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
STRENGTH-DURABILITY RELATIONSHIP
VOLUME CHANGE
DURABILITY
IMPACT OF W/C RATIO
PERMEABILITY
INTERACTION BETWEEN PERMEABILITY , VOLUME CHANGE, W/C
RATIO
VARIOUS TYPES OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Concrete - most widely used
construction material.
Life span of structures 100 years
Emphasis only on Compressive
strength
Degree of harshness of environment
So it is necessary that the concrete used is durable.
Strength-Durability
Relationship
Rapid Construction
High Early Strength Concrete
High Cement Content
High Thermal Shrinkage, Drying Shrinkage
High Elastic Modulus and low creep coefficient
Volume Change
Hydration of cement
Sulphate action
Carbonation
Effect of Chlorides
Rusting of Steel Reinforcement
5
Durability
Definition
As per IS 456-2000
As per American Concrete Institute.
When exposed to environment, durable concrete
is
(IS-SP-23)
6
Significance of Durability
Concrete liable to be easily affected by
deterrents
Corrosion of rebars
Loss of serviceability
Expensive repair costs
Poor perception of concrete as a material
Poor perception of agencies involved
Reduction of service life
Alkali- aggregate reaction.
Ingression of moisture/air facilitating corrosion
of steel and cracking concrete cover.
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Consequences of
Inadequate
Durability
Consequences of
Inadequate
Durability
Permeability
Permeability
of Cement
paste
Cement paste C-S-H gel, Ca(OH)2,
Water filled or empty cavities
Gel pores small no permeability
Size of capillary pores w/c ratio
Cement paste high w/c ratio
impervious as of granite.
Permeability due to other reasons.
Microcracks Long term Drying
shrinkage
Higher structural stresses
Insufficient Compaction
Permeabilit
y of
Concrete
Introduction of aggregates
Low permeability
Development of microcracks in
transition zone
Size of cracks larger than
capillary cavities
Puzzolanic materials reduce
permeability
High pressured steam curing in
conjunction with crushed silica
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12
Interaction between
Permeability , Volume
change and cracking
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Cracks in Concrete
18
Settlement Cracks
Vibration
Non-Uniform Settlement
Deep beams
Grouting
Revibration
Effects Structural Integrity
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Bleeding
20
Delayed Curing
Interrupted Hydration
Modern high grade cements High
C3S content
Major cause for Shrinkage
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Constructional effects
Formwork
Excess Vibration Seggregation
Segregated Concrete mix High
Shrinkage cracks.
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