Water Pollution

Over 70 percent of water resources and ground water

are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic, and
inorganic pollutant

Ground water pollution is a major issue in 19 states in

India

Large and small manufacturing industries are major

contributors to water pollution

Drivers

Increase in population
Industry
Mining and refinery activity
Poor sewage system
Landfills

Pressure

Response

Oil spillage
Agriculture
Suspended matter
Chemical water
pollution
Change
in
dissolvable
oxygen
Nutrients
pollution

Treating
waste
before discharge
Creating awareness
among public
Implementing
Policies
Rainwater harvesting
Making polluters pay

State

Replenish able ground water

Organic
and
bacterial
contamination
BOD level
Eutrophication
High conductivity and fluorine
content

Impact

Habitat destruction
Food
chain
disruptive
Diseases
Exertion on ground
water
Economic impact

Drivers for Water Pollution

Increase in population: Pressure on water resources

has skyrocketed as the population has reached 1.25bn

Increase in industry: Industrial effluent discharged in

water bodies causes water pollution

Increase in Refineries/Mining activities: Problems

caused by mining includeacid mine drainage, metal
contamination and increased sediment levels

Landfills: Dumps and landfills are a threat to water

supplies when water percolates through waste

Poor sewage systems: Wastewater contaminated with

feces or urine degrades fresh water

Pressures on Water Resources

Nutrient Pollution: Fertilizers have high level of

nutrients and encourage growth of weed and algae

Depletion Of Oxygen: Biodegradable matter in water

encourages microorganism growth and depletes oxygen

Ground Water Pollution: Excess pesticides and

insecticides end up deep into ground through rain

Microbiological: Pollution caused by protozoa pollutes

water and makes it unfit for consumption

Chemical Water Pollution: Industries discharge harmful

chemical waste and effluent directly in water bodies

State of Water Pollution

Replenishable ground water potential of the country

estimated at 431 km3 per year

Organic and bacterial contamination level critical

High fluorine content

BOD level

<3 mg/l

57-69%

3-6 mg/l

17-28%

>6 mg/l

13-19%

Impact of Water Pollution

Destruction of Habitat: Biodiversity hampered due to

excessive water pollution

Food Chains Disrupted: Various pollutants are

consumed by water species which are then carried
forward through

Diseases: Consumption of polluted sea and river food

lead to fatal diseases such as Hepatitis etc.

Excessive pressure on ground water: People turn to

ground water for their fresh water needs

Economic Impact: Industries like tourism, fishing etc.

hampered

Response for Water Pollution

Treating waste before discharging it in water:

Industries should employ waste water treatment
techniques

Rainwater harvesting: To reduce water shortage

Creating awareness: Environmental education should

be mandatory for all

Implementing policies like clean ganga campaign

Enforcing legislation and making polluters pay

Organizing events for clean up operation like Swach

Bharat Abhiyan

Thank You