Pharmaceutic care practice 1

Kft 231
Hyperlipidemia

Name : Devaky paramasivan

Matrix num : DPF130007
Lecturer name : Encik.Rosdi

INTRODUCTION

Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolisme, also called

hyperlipoproteinemia, that results in abnormally high levels of
cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins in
thebloodcirculation.
Hyperlipidemia is a key contributor toartheroscelorosis,
coronary artery disease, andperiferal vascular disease (PVD).
Hyperlipidemia also can cause health conditions such
aspancretis. Some forms of hyperlipidemia are familial or
hereditary and may manifest regardless of lifestyle.
Medications can cause hyperlipidemia as well, notably oral
contraceptives (birth control pills), estrogen therapy, thiazide
diuretics, and corticosteroids. Hyperlipidemia may also be a
sign of other health conditions such as cushing syndrom,
diabetes, liver dysfunction. In most people who have
hyperlipidemia, however, it appears that lifestyle factors
interact with genetics.

TYPES OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA

There are five types, or classifications, of hyperlipidemia that have unique

presentations, genetic factors, and characteristic progressions. The five types
of hyperlipidemia are
type I, a rare inherited lipid disorder sometimes called lipoprotein C-II
deficiency, in which very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and
lipids called chylomicrons accumulate in the bloodstream
type II, a common group of familial or acquired lipid disorders, sometimes
called hypercholesterolemia, in which low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol levels in the blood are elevated, and there may be apolipoprotein
B deficiency
type III, an uncommon familial lipid disorder in which VLDL and total
cholesterol are elevated, usually resulting from apolipoprotein E deficiency
type IV, a common familial or acquired lipid disorder in which blood lipid
elevations are associated with OBESITY and decline with weight loss
type V, an uncommon lipid disorder in which triglycerides are extremely
elevated, though other blood lipid levels are fairly normal, and that
frequently causes pancreatitis
Most forms of hyperlipidemia can occur without evidence of familial or
hereditary connections.

SYMPTOMS

In the early years there may be no symptoms.

When symptoms appear, they may include:
Chest pain (angina) or other signs of coronary artery disease; may
be present at a young age
Cramping of one or both calves when walking
Sores on the toes that do not heal
Sudden stroke-like symptoms, such as trouble speaking, drooping
on one side of the face, weakness of an arm or leg, and loss of
balance
People with this condition develop high cholesterol or high
triglyceride levels as teenagers. The levels remain high all during
life. Those with familial combined hyperlipidemia have an
increased risk of early coronary artery disease and heart
attacks.They also havehigher rates of obesity and are more likely
to have glucose intolerance.

LIPID PROFILE

DRUG TREATMENT

The most commonly used, and most effective

drugs for treating high LDL cholesterol are called
statins. They include lovastatin (Mevacor),
pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor),
fluvastatin (Lescol), atorvastatin (Lipitor),
rosuvastatin (Crestor), and pitivastatin (Livalo).
Other cholesterol-lowering medicines include:
Bile acid-sequestering resins
Ezetimibe
Fibrates (such as gemfibrozil and fenofibrate)
Niacin vitamin B6

 Gastrointestinal
distrubance
anorexia

Gastrointestinal
distrubance
Headache
Fatique
Myalgia

Fibrates

Ezetimibe

statin
headache
Altered liver
function tests
Diarrhea
Nausea
vomitting

SIDE EFFECTS

Nicotinic acid

diarrhea
Nausea
Vomitting
Abdominal pain

Bille acid
Gastrointestinal
distrubance
Diarrhea
nausea
flushing

POSSIBLE COMPLICATION

Early atherosclerotic heart disease

Heart attack
Stroke

ADVISE TO PATIENTS

choose foods with low cholesterol and saturatedtransfat.For

people who would benefit from lowering their cholesterol, the
American Heart Association recommends aiming for a dietary
pattern that limits saturated fat to 5 to 6 percent of daily calories
and reduces the percent of calories from transfat.
Limit your intake of red meat and dairy products made with whole
milk toreduce your saturated and transfat. Choose skim milk, low
fat or fat-free dairy products. Limit fried food, and use healthy oils
in cooking, such as vegetable oil.
Increase the amount of fiber you eat. A diet high in fiber can help
lower cholesterol levels by as much as 10 percent, Dr. Bufalino said.
Check yourfamily history of high cholesterol. Are you more prone
to high cholesterol based on genetics? If so, take steps to minimize
your risk through diet and exercise.
Lose extra weight. A weight loss of 10 percent can go a long way to
lowering your risk of or reversinghyperlipidemia.

THANK YOU.