MATHEMATICAL

MODELING
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Prof. Prashant Gadakh,
Assistant Professor,
International Institute of Information Technology (IIT)
Cell ph- +919730186682

Why Modeling?
Creates a mathematical representation of
some phenomenon to better understand it.
Fundamental and quantitative way to
understand and analyze complex systems.
Complement to Theory and Experiments,
and often Integrate them.
Matches observation with symbolic
representation.

What is mathematical modeling?

Models describe our beliefs about how the world
functions. In mathematical modeling, we translate
those beliefs into the language of mathematics.
This has many advantages
1. Mathematics is a very precise language. This helps us to formulate ideas and
identify underlying assumptions.
2.

Mathematics is a concise language, with well-defined rules for manipulations.

3. All the results that mathematicians have proved over hundreds of years are at
our disposal.
4.

Computers can be used to perform numerical calculations.

What are the goals of Modeling

studies?
Appreciation of broad use of modelling
Hands-on an experience with
simulation techniques.
Easy to understand the problem
definition.
Accurate results.

Mathematical Modeling?
Mathematical modeling seeks to gain an
understanding of science through the use
of mathematical models on HP computers.

Mathematical modeling involves teamwork

Mathematical Modeling
Complements, but does not replace, theory
and experimentation in scientific research.
Experiment

Theory

Computation

Mathematical Modeling
Is often used in place of experiments when
experiments are too large, too expensive,
too dangerous, or too time consuming.
Can be useful in what if studies; e.g. to
investigate the use of pathogens (viruses,
bacteria) to control an insect population.
Is a modern tool for scientific investigation.

Mathematical Modeling Problem

Solving Steps.
Identify problem area
Conduct background
research
State project goal
Define relationships
Develop mathematical
model

Develop computational
algorithm
Perform test
calculations
Interpret results
Communicate results

Mathematical Modeling Process

Real World Problem

Identify Real-World Problem:

Perform background research,

focus on a workable problem.

Conduct investigations (Labs),

if appropriate.

Learn the use of a computational tool: Matlab,

Mathematica, Excel, Java.

Understand current activity and predict future

behavior.

Working Model
Simplify Working Model:
Identify and select factors to
describe important aspects of
Real World Problem; determine those factors that can be neglected.

State simplifying assumptions.

Determine governing principles, physical laws.

Identify model variables and inter-relationships.

Mathematical Model
Represent Mathematical
Model: Express the Working
Model in mathematical terms;
write down mathematical equations whose solution describes
the Working Model.
In general, the success of a mathematical model
depends on how easy it is to use and how
accurately it predicts.

Computational Model
Translate Computational
Model: Change Mathematical Model into a form suitable for computational solution.
Existence of unique solution
Choice of the numerical method
Choice of the algorithm
Software

Computational Model
Translate Computational
Model: Change Mathematical Model into a form suitable for computational
solution.
Computational models include software such as
Matlab, Excel, or Mathematica, or languages such
as Fortran, C, C++, or Java.

Results/Conclusions
Simulate Results/Conclusions: Run Computational
Model to obtain Results; draw
Conclusions.
Verify your computer program; use check
cases; explore ranges of validity.
Graphs, charts, and other visualization tools are
useful in summarizing results and drawing
conclusions.

Real World Problem

Interpret Conclusions:
Compare with Real World
Problem behavior.

If model results do not agree with physical

reality or experimental data, reexamine the
Working Model (relax assumptions) and repeat
modeling steps.

Often, the modeling process proceeds through

several iterations until model isacceptable.

Mathematical Modeling Process

Real Time Project Example

Building Models.
1.Getting Started
First find out the level of detail included in the model
depends on the purpose for which the model will be
used.
Secondly, we must make a division between the system
to be modelled and its environment. This division is well
made if the environment affects the behaviour of the
system, but the system does not affect the environment.

Flow diagrams
Where the system being modelled is more
complex, we cannot simply jump from an
assumption to an equation. We must be much
more methodical, both when describing the
system and when stating assumptions. Flow
diagrams are a visual aid to this end.

Example
Online Shopping System
Consider the database or inventory D which contains N products with F features.
D={R1,R2,R3..Rn}
P={f1,f2,f2,f4.fn}
Re={Re1, Re2,Ren}
Where
D= Database or inventory containing Products
P= Define a set containing products features
Re= Set of required product by customer

Systems analysis
Making assumptions
we need to construct the basic framework of the
model.
This reflects our beliefs about how the system
operates.
Future analysis of the system treats these
assumptions as being true, but the results of such an
analysis are only as valid as the assumptions.

Analysis

How to select the product

How to Check the features
Mining of the product
Check behaviour of the product
Final selection of the product

Choosing mathematical
equations
Once the structure of a model has been determined, mathematical
equations must be chosen to describe the system. It is worth
choosing these equations carefully - they may have unforeseen
effects on the behaviour of the model.
Equations from the literature
It may be that somebody else has published an equation relating
to the quantities you are interested in. This provides a good
starting point, but it is necessary to proceed with caution.
Problems encountered may include;

Cont..
equations derived from data with a range of explanatory
variables which does not contain the range
required for model application;
experimental conditions (the environment) differ
substantially from conditions to be encountered during
model application.
equations describe behaviour of the bulk of the data with
no attempt to account for known departures at the end of
range, or no account taken of variability

Analysis
If Pi[fi]==Rei---S0
Append S0[P(fi)]
i=i+1;
Re++;
S0={P1[f1],P2[f2].Pn[fn]}
Where S0 contains products which satisfy
customer requirements.

Cont..
S* = {P1,P2,P3Pn}
Where S* defines a set of Shortlisted/Final
selected product by a customer.
Consider a product Pr with certain attributes
extracted from S*
Pr={N,O,C}
Where,
N= Name of the product
O= Offer of the product
C= Cost of the product

Cont..
F= {n, i, d, a}
n= Number of user used this product
i= Those who really wants to use this
product
d= Number of similar Products
a= Product is socially active or not.
Fv= S* + P
Where Fv is the final set of products having best offers and brand.

Input & output

Input:- A set of product in a inventory given
as input which describe the products
features on which mining needs to be done.
Mining is nothing but,
Brands of products, offers, etc
Output:- The output will provide us the
products with its all details.

Success and Failure

Success:- The Result state can be defined as,
Resultant analysis of products = actual product
Failure:- Failure set occurs when output
analyzed is different from expected.
E.g.:- A failure state will occur when we get
the product in selected set even if the
features matching condition is not satisfied.

Mapping and Dependencies

Products

Features

P1
P2
P3
.
.
Pn

f1
f2
f3
.
.
fn

Set Theory
Required Products
Re1
Re2
Re3
.
.
Ren

Features
f1
f2
f3
.
.
fn

Set Theory..
Required Products
Re1
Re2
Re3
.
.
Ren

Result Set
P1[f1]
P1[f1]
P2[f1]
P2[f1]
P2[f1]
Pn[fn]

Selected Product
P1

P2

Graph from the literature

Analogy
P(fi, O)
P(fi, O)
O
fi
where P(fi, O) is the Selected products at
features fi at time offer O. This equation
does not give the future motion of any
individual product. It is simply a description
of collective behaviour of product.

Asymptotic behaviour
A qualitative feature of the (scaled) product is that the
long-term behaviour of the product is independent of the
initial conditions. Hence the product will always
approach the value 1 as time increases.
This value is called an asymptote. A product long term
behaviour value 1 is in equilibrium, since according to
the model it will never change. Furthermore, this
equilibrium is stable, since if the product behaviour is
changed slightly it will always return to 1.

THANK YOU!!!