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History
First Hybrid Vehicles
Jacob Lohner & Co in Vienna,
Austria produced electric cars
from 1898 to 1906.
Ferdinand Porsche, one of
Lohners employees developed
a drive system based on fitting
an electric motor to each front
wheel without transmissions
(hub mounted).
Vehicles of this type were known
as Lohner-Porsches.
History Cont.
Racing version of the
front wheel driven,
petrol-electric Lohner
"Porsche - This vehicle
was entered in the 1900
"Semmering" race and is
driven by Dr. Porsche him
self.
Too Expensive to Compete
with conventional
propulsion so they were
abandoned.
Some claim Porsche
invented the first four
wheel drive car which was
also a hybrid.
History Cont.
Main reason for the early development was to assist the meager power of
the internal combustion engine, when this was no longer needed the idea of
the electric hybrid went dormant for decades.
In 1905 H. Piper filed a patent for a petrol-electric hybrid vehicle. His idea was
to use an electric motor to assist an internal-combustion engine, mainly to
augment the ICE to let the vehicle accelerate to 40 kilometers (25 miles) per hour
in 10 seconds, instead of the usual 30.
By the time the patent was issued, three and a half years later, engines had
become powerful enough to achieve this kind of performance on their own.
From 1897 to 1907, the Compagnie Parisienne des Voitures Electriques (roughly,
Paris Electric Car Company), built a series of electric and hybrid vehicles,
including the 1903 Krieger. With front-drive and power steering, the Krieger
wasn't built in much quantity. One model ran on alcohol, and there was another
version with what has been described as a gasoline-turbine engine; in those
times, the term "turbine" sometimes meant generator."
Cheap petrol and advances in ICE and automobile production in general (Henry
Ford) gradually killed off the Hybrid "Cars".
History Cont.
A notable exceptions is
the1921 Owen Magnetic
Model 60 Touring which
uses a gasoline engine to
run a generator that
supplies electric power to
motors mounted in each
of the rear wheels.
Similar to Submarines
History Cont.
Hybrid cars did not appear again until the in
1960's and 1970's, when cars like the 1965
GM512 and especially the 1973 VW Taxi Hybrid
Vehicle which was produced in the wake of the
Arab Oil embargo.
Zephyrs Locomotion
In Chicago: U-505
Toyota Prius
Gasoline engine: 1.5-L, 16valve, 4-cylinder,
cast-aluminum block and head,
EFI Atkinson cycle VVTi (Variable Valve
Timing with
intelligence), 13:0:1
compression ratio, 70 hp
at 4,500 rpm, 82 lb-ft of torque
at 4,200 rpm
Toyota Prius
Electric motor: Three-phase AC permanent
magnet with peak power of 33 kW/44 hp
at 1,0405,600 rpm, peak torque of
350.0 N-m/258 lb/ft (0400 rpm)
Toyota Prius
Battery: Sealed nickel-metal hydride
battery,
274 volts
Band
CO2 emissions
A
<100 g/km
101-120 g/km
Examples
Honda Insight petrol electric hybrid
(80 g/km)
Smart diesel (90 g/km)
Customize to Hybridize
1. California Motors
A. Hybrid Powertrain Additions
B. Bio-Diesel Hybrid
1.
http://www.calmotors.com/
This Just In
Zytek
Standard vehicle Zytek dual mode
hybrid Fuel economy (Urban)
5.9l/100km, 47.9 mpg No fuel used
in electric drive
Fuel economy (Combined)
4.6l/100km, 61.4 mpg 3.2l/100km,
88mpg (corrected to charge neutral,
ie with no net change in battery
state of charge)
Overall CO2 (Tank-wheel) 121g/km
85g/km Acceleration 0-100kph
15.53s Under 12s (about 0-60)
Plug in
Dual Mode
Todays passenger car production hybrids are either parallel or dual mode
systems. Pure series hybrids offer high efficiency at low speeds but this
greatly reduces as speed increases, and hence this drivetrain only finds
application in low speed, stop start vehicles such as inner city buses. Parallel
hybrids have the internal combustion engine permanently coupled to the
wheels so are more efficient at high speeds, but offer less flexibility to
optimise the drive for low speed duty cycles.
A new generation of dual mode transmissions offer the ability to operate in
series or parallel mode so the drive can be optimised for each operating
condition, but they are generally more complex and therefore larger and more
expensive. There are also inevitable compromises in todays production dualmode designs.
Zyteks novel solution is a dual-mode hybrid that eliminates these
compromises by using sophisticated control strategies to replace clutches
and complex epicyclic gearsets. In addition to the many advantages of dualmode operation, this reduces component count, eliminates wearing friction
surfaces, reduces packaging volume and substantially reduces manufacturing
costs. The design also allows each motor to be optimised for its function
within the drivetrain.
Conclusion
Less Diesel
Consumed, Less
Dependant
Diesel Also Can Use
Bio Fuel to Further
Reduce Dependency
Can be Cheaper to
Create/Refine Diesel