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SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION
By : Manish Tyagi
Class : 11 B
What is a Computer ?
Computer is an
electronic device which
process raw facts and
figures/data into
meaningful information.
Functional
Components of a
Computer
Input
Unit
The Input Unit is
formed by the input
devices attached to the
computer. Examples of
input devices and media
are : Keyboards, Mouse,
Magnetic Ink Character
Reader (MICR), Optical
Mark Reader (OMR),
Optical Character Reader
(OCR), Joystick etc.
Processing Unit
(CPU)
Control center for a
computer.
Guides, Directs and
Governs its
performance.
Brain of a computer.
Has two components
:
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Output
Unit
The output unit is
formed by the output
devices attached to the
computer. Some
popular output devices
are as follows : Monitor,
Printer, Plotter, Speech
Synthesizer and coder
etc.
Memor
y
The memory of
computer is often
called the main
memory or primary
memory. It
generally the third
part of the
computer.
Hardware's
Hardware represents
the physical and
tangible components of
the computer i.e., the
components that can be
seen and touched. The
electronic, electrical
and mechanical
equipments that makes
up a computer is called
hardware. The examples
of hardware are : Input
devices, Output
devices, CPU, Floppy
disk, Hard disk etc.
Softwares
Software represents the
set of programs that
governs the
operations of the
computer system and
make the hardware
run. Software is
classified into three
categories :
Operating software
Languages processors
Application software
1.
2.
3.
Operating Software's
An operating system is a program which acts as an
interface between a user and the hardware (i.e., all
computer resources ).
Evolution Of Computers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Abacus
Napiers Logs and Bones
Pascals Adding Machine
Leibnitzs Calculator
Jacquards Loom
Babbages Difference Engine
Babbages Analytical Engine
Holleriths Machine
Mark -1
Abacus
Around 3000year before
the birth of Jesus Christ,
the Mesopotamians quite
unknowingly laid the
foundation of the computer
era. They discovered the
earliest form of a beadand-wire counting machine,
which subsequently came
to be known as abacus.
The Chinese improved
upon the abacus so
that they could count
and calculate fast.
Napiers
Logs
and
Bones
John Napier
Bones.
g
Machi
ne
Blaise Pascal,
a French
mathematicians, invented
tzs
Calcul
ator
Gottfried
Leibnitz's, a German
mathematicians,
improved an adding
machine and
constructed a new
machine in 1671 that
was able to perform
multiplication and
division as well.
Differ
ence
Engin
e
Charles
Babbage, a
professor of
mathematics,
developed a
machine called
difference
engine in the year
1822.
Babbage
s
Analytica
l Engine
1833, Charles
Babbage started
In
designing an
Analytical Engine
which was to become a
real ancestor of the
modern day computer.
Holleriths
In 1887, an American
Herman
Hollerith (1869-1926)
named
Babbage. He fabricated
the first electromechanical
punched-card tabulator
that used punched cards
for input, output and
instructions.
Mark
-1
Prof. Howard Aiken(1900-1973) in U.S.A constructed in 1943 an
electromechanical computer named Mark-1 which could multiply two 10-digit
number in 5 seconds-a record at that time.
Types of Computers
Input Devices
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Keybo
ard
Mous
e
Light
Pen
Joyst
ick
MIC
R
C
R
OM
R
nne
r
Biometric
Sensors
Output Devices
The most common output devices are :1)
Monitor
2)
Printer
3)
Plotters
4)
Speakers
Monitors
Prin
ters
Plot
ters
Memory
Devices
THE
PRESENT
ATION
Thank
you