SECTION 2

HOW CDMA WORKS

LET US PUT EVERYTHING TOGETHER
Section Introduction
Forward link Architecture
Reverse Link Architecture
Logical Channels on Forward Link
Logical Channels on Reverse Link

The CDMA Physical

Layer

Terminology:
Terminology:
Bit,
Bit, Symbol
Symbol and
and Chip
Chip
add check bits
Information

A/D

Mux

Information Bits
Code
Symbols

FEC

Code
Generator

Spreader
Chips

PSK

Chips

CDMA FORWARD LINK ARCHITECTURE

CDMA REVERSE LINK ARCHITECTURE

AIR INTERFACE
Control
Channels
Downlink
Pilot

Sync

Pagin
g

Uplink
Acces
s

AIR INTERFACE

TRAFFIC
CHANNELS
SPEECH or
DATA

ASSOCIATED
SIGNALLING

1
1/2

1/
4

1/
8

Blank
&
Burst

Dim &
Burst

Power
Control

Forward Link Code Channels

Forward Link Code Channels

FORWARD LINK CHANNELS IN CDMA-2000

Forward Traffic Code

Channel

Pilot Channel
I Pilot PN sequence
1.2288 Mcps
Walsh W0

All 0s

BB
To QPSK
Modulator

1.2288 Mcps

BB
Q Pilot PN sequence
1.2288 Mcps

26.67 ms frame period, repeated 75 times a second.

Pilot channels are kept at 4-6 dB higher then rest of the channels

Sync Channel
Frames
I Pilot PN sequence
1.2288 Mcps
Sync Channel
Message

1.2
Kbps

Convolutional
Encoder
Rate=1/2, K=9

Walsh W32

2.4
Ksps

Symbol
Repetition

19.2
Ksps

Block
Interleaver

BB
1.2288
Mcps

19.2
Ksps

Q Pilot PN sequence
1.2288 Mcps
S
O
M

31 Information Bits
32 bits / 26.67 ms

Convolutional encoder not zeroed out after each frame

No CRC bits at frame level, SOM (Start Of Message)

To QPSK
Modulator

BB

Paging Channel
Paging Channel
Message
Convolutional
Encoder

4.8/
9.6
Kbps

Rate=1/2, K=9

I Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

9.6/
19.2
Ksps

Symbol
Repetition

19.2
Ksps

Block
Interleaver
19.2
Ksps

Long-code Mask
for
Paging Channel

64:1

Long Code
Generator

Walsh W1-7

BB
1.2288
Mcps

To QPSK
Modulator

BB

Long Code
Decimator
1.2288
Mcps

Q Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

Forward Traffic Channel

Convolutional
Encoder
Rate=1/2, K=9

Symbol
Repetition

Power Control
Bits (800bps)

I Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

Walsh Wn

BB
Block
Interleaver

Mux
19.2
Ksps

64:1

Long-code
Mask
Long Code
Generator

Decimator
1.2288
Mcps

1.2288
Mcps

To QPSK
Modulator

BB
24:1

Decimator

Q Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

Reverse Link Code

Channels

Reverse Link Code Channels

REVERSE LINK CHANNELS IN CDMA-2000

Access Channel
Frames
Access Channel
Message
Convolutional
Encoder

4.8/
9.6
Kbps

Rate=1/3, K=9

14.4
Ksps

Symbol
Repetition

28.8
Ksps

Block
Interleaver

I Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

64-ary
Orthogonal
Modulator

BB
To QPSK
Modulator

1.2288
Mcps

Long-code
Mask

Long Code
Generator

1.2288 Mcps

BB
Q Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

20 ms

88

Information Bits

8 Tail
Bits

Tail Bits Zero Convolutional Encoder, No CRC Bits At Frame Level

Preamble Comprised of Zero Filled Frames

Reverse Traffic Channel

RS1/
RS2

Convolutional
Encoder
Rate=1/3, K=9

Symbol
Repetition 28.8
Ksps

Block
Interleaver

I Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

28.8
Ksps

BB
64-ary
Orthogonal
Modulator 4.8

Data
Burst
Randomizer

1.2288
Mcps

BB

Ksps

Long-code
Mask

Long Code
Generator

To QPSK
Modulator

1.2288
Mcps

Q Pilot PN
1.2288 Mcps

Reverse Channels
All MS transmit on same frequency but with different PN
codes to create different logical channels. Some channels
marked for Access are used for signaling and control.
Access Channel 1
PNA Access Channel 2
PNB Access Channel n
PNX Traffic Channel 1
PNH Traffic Channel 2
PNI Traffic Channel 3
PNJ
Traffic Channel m-1
PNY Traffic Channel m
PNZ