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Reactor Data
Constant-Volume Batch
Reactor
Overall Order of Irreversible
Reactions from the Half-Life t1/2
Sometimes, for the irreversible reaction
Constant-Volume Batch
Reactor
Constant-Volume Batch
Reactor
This expression shows that a plot of log t1/2, vs. log CAo
gives a straight line of slope 1 - n, as shown in Fig.
The half-life method requires making a series of
runs, each at a different initial concentration, and
shows that the fractional conversion in a given
time rises with increased concentration for orders
greater than one, drops with increased
concentration for orders less than one.
Constant-Volume Batch
Reactor
Fractional Life
Method tF
The half-life
method can be extended to any
fractional life method in which the concentration
of reactant drops to any fractional value
F = CA/CAo in time TF .
The derivation is a direct extension of the half-life
method giving
Constant-Volume Batch
Reactor
Thus, a plot of log t versus log C , as shown in
F
Ao
Overall order of reaction from a series of halflife experiments, each at a different initial
concentration of reactant
SOLUTION
Next, plot log tF vs. log CAo, as shown in Fig. and find the
slope
VARYING-VOLUME BATCH
REACTOR
Although variable volume batch reactors are seldom
encountered because they are usually solid steel
containers. We wiIl develop the concentrations as a
function of conversion because
(1) They have been used to collect reaction data for
gas-phase reactions, and
(2) The development of the equations that express
volume as a function of conversion will facilitate
analyzing flow systems with variable volumetric flow
rates.
Everyday
examples of this situation are the combustion
chamber of the internal-combustion engine and the
expanding gases within the breech and barrel of a
firearm as it is fired.
VARYING-VOLUME BATCH
REACTOR
or in terms of volume
rst-Order Reactions.
For a unimolecular-type first-order reaction the rate of
change of reactant A is
he rate is given by