UNIT-1

CHAPTER 1.1
INTRODUCTION TO CHASSIS SYSTEM

Requirements of an Automobile with Types

of Automobiles
Requirements of automobile in the perspective of
Customer
Vendor

Requirements of automobile in the perspective of customer

Travel / Transport comfort

Active safety
Passive safety
Running costs
Delivery time
Mileage
Environmental compatibility
Design / Image
Quality
Interior functionality
Selection of drives

Requirements of automobiles in the perspective of vendor

Development efforts
Manufacturing cost
Investment cost
Vehicle disposal

Layout of automobile with reference to power plant

Generally layout establishes the overall appearance, relative importance,
and relationships between the elements, to understand the information in a easy
manner.

Power plant:
It is also known as the Power station.
The power plant (engine) provides motive power for all the functions performed by
the vehicle or any part of it.

Layout of automobile with reference to power plant

Layout of automobile with reference to power plant

Components of layout:
Power plant / Engine
Fly wheel
Clutch / Torque converter
Transmission / Gear box
Propeller shaft / Drive shaft
Differential
Rear axle
Wheels

Power plant:
It is also known as Power train.
It consists of engine with subsystems like intake, lubricant, cooling, fuel and
exhaust.
The power plant provides motive power for all the various functions
performed by the vehicle or any part of it.
Some times it extends to drive train (drive line), which connects the power
train with to end user of power.

Flywheel
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store
rotational energy.
Flywheels have an inertia called the moment of inertia and thus resist changes
in rotational speed.
The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its
rotational speed.

Clutch:
Clutch is a crucial link between the power plant and drive train.
The purpose of clutch is to link or de-link (engage or disengage) the engine from drive
train, as desired by the driver.

Gear box/Transmission:
The mechanism which provides us with the suitable the variation of the
engine torque at road wheels is known as transmission.
Transmission may be manual or automatic.

Manual transmission

Propeller shaft

Propeller shaft:
It propels the vehicles forward so it is called propeller shaft
A Propeller shaft connects a gearbox to a Differential.
It is used to transmit the drive force generated by the engine to the axles.
It is strong enough to handle maximum low gear torque
It is provided with two U- joint to maintain constant velocity and positioning of
differential at different plane It is provided with a slip joint to take care of the
change in length.
Shaft diameter and its thickness decides the torque carrying capacity and angle
of operation.

Differential

Differential:
Differential is mechanical device used in automobiles to provide the relative
velocity to wheels when required.
The primary function of differential is to change the direction of torque
through 90 degrees.
The differential provides constant gear reduction ratio.

Rear axle

Rear Axle
Transmits rotary motion and torque from the engine-transmission-driveshaft
to the wheels
Changes torsional direction from longitudinal to transverse
Provides speed reduction and torque multiplication
Provides a differential action to permit vehicle cornering
Provides mounting points for suspension and brakes

Wheel:
Wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on axle bearing.
Wheels carry the load of vehicle and transport the transmit torque to the tires.
Wheels are supported in wheel bearings
A wheel is to be rotated by the application of torque about it axis through an
external source (engine).
The main components of wheel are Rim, Hub, Spokes, Tire

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

Various resistances to motion of automobile consists of
Rolling resistance
Air resistance
Gradient resistance
Miscellaneous resistance

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

Rolling resistance
Composed primarily of
1.Resistance from tire deformation (90%)
2.Tire penetration and surface compression (4%)
3.Tire slippage and air circulation around wheel (6%)
Wide range of factors affect total rolling resistance.
Rolling resistance calculated by using the formula below

FR = f R G R
Where

FR - Rolling resistance
f R - Rolling resistance coefficient
G R - Wheel load

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

Air resistance
Composed of:
1. Turbulent air flow around vehicle body (85%)
2. Friction of air over vehicle body (12%)
3.Vehicle component resistance, from radiators and air vents (3%)

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

The air resistance calculated by using the formula below

Where L - Density of air

C w - Drag coefficient
A - Frontal area
v Velocity of vehicle

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

Gradient resistance
When designing roads, gradients more than 7 degrees normally avoided

Various Resistances to motion of the automobile

Miscellaneous resistance
Apart from above resistances other factors also contribute
towards vehicle resistances , and this includes; acceleration
and braking resistances , resistance due to type of road
surface etc.

Power required for propulsion

The motion of vehicle moving on a level road is resisted by

aerodynamic and rolling resistances.

In addition to these two resistances vehicle has to overcome gradient

resistance when it is moving up on a gradient, because weight of
vehicle is to be lifted through a vertical distance.

Hence power required to propel a vehicle is proportional to the total

resistance to its motion and speed.

Power required for propulsion