Seminar on

THERMAL POWER GENERATION

(at Bandel Thermal Power Station)
Presented by,

Santanu Mukherjee
Roll No. 11601612035

Department of Electrical Engineering

MCKV Institute of Engineering
243 G.T Road (N), Liluah
Howrah- 711204
Academic session: 2012-2016
9/25/16 11:10:44 AM

Typical diagram of a coal-fired thermal power

station

1. Cooling tower
21. Re-heater
2. Cooling water pump
Combustion
3. Transmission line
23. Economizer
4. Transformer
24. Air pre-heater
5. Generator
25.
Precipitator
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11:10:44 AM

6. L.P turbine
7. Condensate pump
8. Surface condenser
9. I.P turbine

11. H.P turbine

12. De-aerator
13. Feed water heater
14. Coal conveyor

10. steam control valve 15. Coal hopper

16. Coal pulverizer

17. Boiler steam drum

22.

18. Bottom ash

19. Super-heater
20. Forced draught

Water
circuit of
thermal
power
plant

Ranki
ne
Cycle
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Coal Handling Plant

Wagon Tippler

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Coal Mill

This is actually a
ball mill where coal
is pulverised, and
then blown into the
furnace along with
air. Air is blown by
the
Primary
Air
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BOILER
Boiler is a vessel which uses heat energy and produces steam
from water, under pressurised condition.
Boiler are generally of two types:

FIRE TUBE BOILER

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6
WATER TUBE BOILER

Boiler Mountings
These are the components that are mounted over the body
of the boiler itself for the safety of the boiler and for complete
control of the process of steam generation

Steam stop Valve

Pressure Gauge

Safety Valves

Fusible plugs
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Feed check Valve

Water level

TURBINE

Turbine,rotaryenginethatconverts
the
energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or
gas into mechanical energy.
The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or
rotor with paddles, propellers, blades, or
buckets arranged on its circumference in such a
fashion that the moving fluid exerts a
tangential force that turns the wheel and
imparts energy to it.
This mechanical energy is then transferred
through a drive shaft to operate a machine,
compressor, electric generator, or propeller.
9/25/16 11:10:45 AM

ALTERNATOR
An alternator is a machine which produces alternation electricity.
It is a kind of generator which converts mechanical energy into
alternating electrical energy. It is also known as synchronous
generator.
Salient pole type It is used as low and medium speed alternator. It
has a large number of projecting poles having their cores bolted or
dovetailed onto a heavy magnetic wheel of cast iron or steel of good
magnetic quality. Such generators are characterized by their large
diameters and short axial lengths. These generator are look like big
wheel. These are mainly used for low speed turbine such as in hydel
power plant.
Smooth cylindrical type It is used for steam turbine driven
alternator. The rotor of this generator rotates in very high speed. The
rotor consists of a smooth solid forged steel cylinder having a number
of slots milled out at intervals along the outer periphery for
accommodation of field coils. These rotors are designed mostly for 2
pole or 4 pole turbo generator running at 36000 rpm or 1800 rpm
respectively.
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10

Name Plate of the Alternator

(Unit no. 1)

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11

Different Generating Units at Bandel Thermal

Power Station:
Date of
Unit no.
Present capacity
commissioning
#1

04.09.1965

60 MW

#2

18.10.1965

60 MW

#3

17.02.1966

60 MW

#4

03.08.1966

60 MW

#5
(being renovated)

08.10.1982

210 MW

TOTAL
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450 MW
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Voltage generated by Units 1-4, is 13.8 KV. For

efficient transmission of power, the voltage is stepped
up to 132 KV, using Generator Transformers .

9/25/16 11:10:47 AM

13.8/3 KV
7.5 MVA

13.8/132 KV
100 MVA

Unit
Auxiliary
Transformer

Generato
r
Transfor
mer

13

SWITCHYARD

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14

Various equipments in the

switchyard:

ISOLATO
R

Isolator
is
a
mechanical switch which
isolates a part of circuit
from system as and when
required.
It is used to make/break
an
electrical
circuit
manually.
It is used only in Offload condition.

9/25/16 11:10:48 AM

15

SF6
CB

CIRCUIT
BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an
automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short
circuit,
any other faulty
Unlike or
a fuse, which operates
condition.
once and then must be replaced,
a circuit breaker can be reset
(either manually or automatically)
to resume normal operation.
Various types of Circuit
Breaker:
Air Circuit Breaker
Vacuum Circuit Breaker

0CB
9/25/16 11:10:48 AM

Oil Circuit Breaker

SF6 Circuit Breaker

16

LIGHTENING
ARRESTER

A lightening arrester is
a device used on electrical
power systems to protect
the
insulation
and
conductors of the system
from the damaging effects
of lightening.

LA

9/25/16 11:10:48 AM

The typical lightening

arrester has a high-voltage
terminal and a ground
terminal.
When a lightening surge
(or switching surge, which is
very similar) travels along
the power line to the
arrester, the current from
the
surge
is
diverted
through the arrester, 17 to

INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS

Used for metering and sensing purposes.

Potential
Transformer

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Current
Transformer

18

ELECTRICAL
CONTROL ROOM

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19

RELAYS
They are usually installed in the Electrical Control Room, and are
connected to Instrument Transformers and Circuit Breakers ( which are
present in switchyard), using control cables.
Relays get signal from Instrument Transformers, and in case of any
fault, relay sends tripping signal to Circuit Breaker.

Electromechani
cal
9/25/16 11:10:49 AM

Microprocessor
Based
20

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21

MERITS of a coal fired Thermal Power

Station:

Coal is easily available

Coal is cheaper than other fuels
Coal can be easily stored and
transported
Harnessing of energy from coal is
easy
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Cost of energy harnessing is less

22

DEMERITS of a coal fired Thermal

Power Station:
High maintenance and operating cost
Harmful gases like CO2, CO, SO2, NO2 and SPM
are emitted
Pollution is caused to a great extent
Requirement of water in huge quantity
Handling of coal and ash is quite difficult

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23

Electrical Power produced by

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24

References
[1] Power Plant Engineering, 3rd Edition.
Author: P.K. Nag
Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill
[2] Thermal Power Plants: Advanced
Applications
Author: Muhammad Rasul
Publisher: Intech

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25

My sincere thanks to:

Dr. Ashok Kumar
Principal,
MCKV Institute of Engineering.
Dr. Arghya Sarkar
Head of the EE dept.,
MCKV Institute of Engineering.
All faculty members of Department of
Electrical Engineering
All staffs of Bandel Thermal Power Station

-for valuable guidance and

support.
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