Hydrometeorological Phenomena and

Hazards
(Earth and Life Science)
Christine D. Bara
Diego H. Patigayon National High School
Mukas, Kolambugan, Lanao del Norte

Elicit/Review:

Landslides

A landslide is the movement of rock, debris or

earth down the slope of a hill or cliff. They
result from the failure of the materials which
make up the hill slope and are driven by the
force of gravity. Landslides are known also as
landslips, slumps or slope failure.
They can happen suddenly or move slowly over
long periods of time.

Volcanic Eruption : List of Volcanic Hazards

Pyroclastic Density Currents (pyroclastic flows and

surges)
Lahars
and surgesStructural Collapse: Debris flowAvalanches
Dome Collapse and the formation of pyroclastic flows
Lava flows
Tephra fall and ballistic projectiles
Volcanic gas
Tsunamis
Volcanic Lightning

Hazards of Earthquakes

Shaking of the ground and ruprure

Landslides and avalanches
Fires
Soil Liquiefication
Tsunami
Floods
injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general
property damage, and collapse or destabilization
(potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings. The
aftermath may bringdisease, lack of basic necessities,
mental consequences such as panic attacks, depression
to survivors,[56]and higher insurance premiums.

New Lesson

Questions:

1. How do you feel after watching the video

clip?
2. Have you experienced a phenomenon like
what the video showed?
3. Supposing you will experience this
phenomenon, what will you do?

What phenomenon does each picture

show?

NATURAL HAZARDS,MITIGATION, AND

ADAPTATION:
Hydrometeorological Phenomena and
Hazards

Learning Objective/s:
At the end of the session, at least 80 % of the
learners are expected to:
1. describe the various hazards that may happen
in the wake of tropical cyclones, monsoons,
floods, or ipo-ipo.
Code: (S11/12ES-Ig-35)

To facilitate better understanding of this lesson,

the words are defined as follows:

Hazard : A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition

that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Risk : The combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences.
Hydrometeorologyis a branch ofmeteorologyandhydrologythat studies
the transfer ofwaterandenergybetween the land surface and the lower
atmosphere.UNESCO[1]has several programmes and activities in place that
deal with the study ofnatural hazardsof hydrometeorological origin and the
mitigation of their effects. Among these hazards are the results of natural
processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological oroceanographic
nature such asfloods,tropical cyclones,droughtanddesertification.
Hydrometeorological hazard. Definition: Process orphenomenonof
atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Explore:
Form 5 groups
a. Discuss about your actual experiences either
on
the
following
calamities:
cyclones,
monsoons, floods and tornadoes
b. Describe and write the various hazards that
may happen in the wake of tropical cyclones,
monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo.

Hydrometeorological
Phenomena

Tropical Cyclones
(Typhoon)
Monsoons
(Amihan/Habagat)
Floods
Tornadoes/Ipo-ipo/
Buhawi

Your actual experiences

on the following
calamities

Various Hazards

Tropical Cyclones

Tropical Cyclonesthat develops in the north-western part of thePacific

Ocean between180and100E.
In the Philippines, tropical cyclones (typhoons) are called bagyo. The term
bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon arose after a 1911 storm in the
city of Baguio had a record rainfall of 46 inches within a 24-hour period..
Typically, they begin over warm tropical waters. They derive their energy
from the evaporation of water from the warm ocean surface, which
ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain, while the moist air rises and
cools in the atmosphere.
Cyclones can have increased strength of wind. When this happens, they
can develop into tropical depressions. As the strength of the wind
increases, the tropical depression (45 to 62 km/h) develops into a storm
(63 to 117 km/h), then into a typhoon (118 to 239 km/h), and finally into
a
super
typhoon
(240
km/h
or
higher.)

When classes are suspended because of a typhoon, how do

you usually feel? Should you be happy or sad?

Tropical Cyclone

Tropical Cyclone

Tropical Cyclone

Hazards of Tropical Cyclones

Strong winds

The strength of winds can destroy lightweight structures and uproot plants and trees. Super
typhoons can even wipe out an entire community, leaving families homeless.

Heavy rainfall leading to flooding

Some typhoons are associated with continuous and heavy rains. The identified primary
causes of immediate flooding stem from either clogged drainage or low elevation of affected
areas. Flooding can even worsen in places with high density of population and narrow
spaces. During rainy seasons, rainwater may not subside for days if the drainage systems
are clogged, or there are obstructions in the pathways of water. This can lead to more
problems such as:
1. Disruption of commercial and industrial operations, leading to loss of income;
2. Displacement of affected families;
3. Damaged properties resulting from corrosion and water intrusion; and
4. Health diseased including leptospirosis, and pathological diseases caused by waterborne
agents.

Tornadoes

A tornado or locally known as ipo-ipo is a

rapidly swirling condensation funnel whose
narrow end comes in contact with the ground.
Usually, the violent swirling air column carries
debris and other objects that it can pick up
from the ground.
Tornadoes occur anywhere in the Philippines at
an average of 12 to 24 times in a year
(PAGASA, 2011).

Tornado

Tornado

Tornado

Among the immediate hazards of

tornadoes are:

Strong whirling winds

As the winds move toward the center (centripetal force), the impact breaks objects
along its path. Depending on strength, the whirling wind can also pick up objects as
heavy as vehicles. From midair going down, these objects can smash other objects or
hit people as they fall to the ground.

Flying debris and dust

Fragments of destroyed objects are hurled away, and soil particles scatter around the
area, potentially hitting or slamming onto a structure or person.

Fire
Tornadoes can destroy power lines and cause fire. At night, sparks seen fro tornado
site can mean snapping power lines that have been damaged by the passing tornado.

Local winds
At

daytime, air over land areas is warmer

than air over bodies of water.
- Flow of air from the sea to land is called sea
breeze

At

night, land cools faster than water bodies.

Sea air is warmer than land air. Sea air rises, land
air takes its place. This is the Land Breeze.

The

name of the wind tells where it originates.

Huge

land and sea breezes are called monsoons.

seasonal winds, derived frommauism, the Arabic word
for season.
Northeast

monsoon
October February
Winds blows from cooler continent to warmer ocean.
It comes from northern Asia and blows toward the
Pacific Ocean.
Cold season Philippines cool, dry season to the
northern.
Winter season north temperate and polar areas.
Hanging Amihan

Monsoons

Hazards associated with amihan are:

thunderstorms, lightning, heavy rainfall, and

flooding, all of which may lead to property
damage and health risks.

Southwest

monsoon
Winds blows from cooler ocean to warmer
continent.
It comes from the Pacific Ocean and brings
rainy and typhoon season to the Philippines.
Oceans winds bring in warm, moist air,
therefore heavy rains and warm temperatures
over the land
Hanging Habagat

 Habagat

The habagat or the southwest monsoon is

characterized by hot and humid atmosphere with
frequent heavy rainfall. It begins in early June
and ends in August or September. In some cases,
habagat may bring about problems and hazards
during extreme heat and drought. Here, water
shortage challenges all sectors of the society,
especially the agricultural industries. Lack of
water for irrigation can decrease crop yield.

Evaluation: Written Test:

Identification: Identify the word that to complete a
statement. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.
______________1.
usually
characterized
by
inward
spiralingwindsthat rotate counterclockwise in the Northern
Hemisphere
______________2. is the term for the wind that carries heavy rains
to southern Asia, and the rains themselves, the real thing only
occurs in Asia.
______________3.
is an overflow of water that submerges land
which is usually dry.
______________4.
a violent windstorm of limited extent
characterised by an inward spiral motion
______________5. Derived frommauism, the Arabic word for season.

Extend/ Assignment:

Using a using hazard maps, identify areas in the

Philippines prone to hazards brought about by
tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo.
You can browse to the internet. Write your
answers in a

Thank you..