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Second Edition
David Klein
Chapter 1
A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds,
and Molecular Properties
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or
Oxygen should have 6 valence electrons,
because it is in group VIA on the periodic
table.
It actually has 8 valence electrons. It needs
8 for its octet, but only 7 count towards its
charge. WHY?
If it actually has 7, but
1-14 it shouldKlein,
only
have
6,2e
Organic
Chemistry
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H2 MOs
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Practice
with
conceptual
checkpoint
1.24
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the lone
pair of
ammonia
affect its
geometry?
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angels in
oxygen are
even
smaller,
why?
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1.10 sp Geometry
Analyze the Steric number, the hybridization,
the electron group geometry, and the
molecular geometry for the following
molecules
BeH2
CO2
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= 1.87 D
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1.12 Dipole-Dipole
Dipole-dipole forces result when polar
molecules line up their opposite charges.
Note acetones permanent dipole results from
the difference in electronegativity between C
and O
The dipole-dipole attractions BETWEEN
acetone molecules affects acetones boiling
and melting points. HOW?
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1.12 Dipole-Dipole
Why do isobutylene and acetone have such
different MP and BPs?
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Diethyl ether
Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2)
Dimethyl sulfoxide
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1.13 Solubility
We use the principle, like-dissolves-like
Polar compounds generally mix well with
other polar compounds
If the compounds mixing are all capable of Hbonding and/or strong dipole-dipole, then there is
no reason why they shouldnt mix
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1.13 Solubility
We know it is difficult to get a polar
compound (like water) to mix with a nonpolar
compound (like oil)
We cant use just water to wash oil off our dirty
cloths
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1.13 Solubility
Soap molecules organize into micelles in
water, which form a nonpolar interior to carry
away dirt.
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1.13 Solubility
Which attraction is generally stronger?
The attraction between a permanent dipole and
an induced dipole
versus
The attraction between a temporary dipole and an
induced dipole
1.13 Solubility
Why wont a nonpolar compound readily
dissolve in water?
Is it because the water molecules repel the
nonpolar molecules?
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Additional Example
Problems
Draw the structure for C Cl N
2
Additional Example
Problems
Give all formal charges in the structures
below.
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Additional Example
Problems
How many nodes are in the 3s subshell?
How many nodes are in a typical sigma
antibonding MO?
How many nodes are in a typical sp3 orbital?
How many nodes are in a typical pi bonding
MO?
How many nodes are1-90
in a typicalKlein,
pi Organic Chemistry 2e
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Additional Example
Problems
Analyze the geometry, polarity and types of
intermolecular attractions for the following
molecules.
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