DEMAND RESPONSE BASED

ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM USING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION

By
R.Ramya
M.Rathna
S.Soorialakshmi
A.Shenbaga Priya

Guided by
Mr. N.Kumara
Sabapathy
Assistant Professor of
EEE

ABSTRACT

This project is aiming at designing and fabricating a Smart home Energy

Management System that can assist in implementing the Smart Grid communication
concept using embedded system.

Price signaling to consumers - allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low
priority devices to use energy only when it is cheapest;

The Smart Energy Management system consists of one Potential Transformer and
one Current Transformer.

The signals are connected to the true rectifier circuits for rectification and fed to the
PIC Processor for measurement of Voltage, Current flow Comparators are used to
sense the phase angle between Voltage & Current waveforms. Zero crossing
detectors are used to convert sine waves into square pulses.

The Smart Energy Management System will display all the electrical parameters like
Voltage, current, power and Maximum Demand.

Objective

To establish

economical demand response

based energy management system for
domestic loads using Smart meter.

WORK PLAN
FROM

TO

WORK

06.01.2014

17.01.2014

20.01.2014

24.01.2014

STUDY ANALYSIS &

UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS

27.01.2014

31.01.2014

GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM DESIGN

&
COMPONENTS STUDY

LITERATURE SEARCH

FROM

TO

WORK

03.02.2014

05.02.2014

06.02.2014

07.02.2014

PURCHASING COMPONENTS

10.02.2014

14.02.2014

PCB DESIGN

17.02.2014

21.02.2014

ELECTRONICS & ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS INSTALLATION

24.02.2014

28.02.2014

ALGORITHM AND
MNEUMANICS
WRITING

CIRCUIT DESIGN

FROM

TO

WORK

03.03.2014

07.03.2014

MICRO CONTROLLER
INSTALLATION

10.03.2014

14.03.2014

EMBEDDING HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE

17.03.2014

21.03.2014

DEBUGGING

24.03.2014

28.03.2014

TEST ANALYSIS

FROM

TO

31.03.2014

04.04.2014

07.04.2014

11.04.2014

WORK

FINAL TESTING AND RESULT

ANALYSIS
REPORT

Block diagram
SUBSTATIO
N
GSM
MOBILE

HOME
SECTION
CT
CURRENT
MEASUREMENT

PT

VOLTAGE
MEASUREMEN
T

AND

LOAD

RELAY

LOAD

RELAY

LOAD

RELA

LCD

ZCD
ZCD

MICRO
CONTROLLER

DRIVE
R

RELAY

GSM
MODEM

LOAD

Block Diagram Explanation

The

Smart Energy Management system consists of one Potential

Transformer and one Current Transformer.

The

signals are connected to the true rectifier circuits for rectification and

fed to the PIC for measurement of Voltage, Current flow .

Comparators

are used to sense the phase angle between Voltage & Current

waveforms. Zero crossing detectors are used to convert sine waves into
square pulses. These square pulses are used to count the frequency.
The

Smart Energy Management System will display all the electrical

parameters like Voltage, current, phase angle.

Also,

it is interfaced to GSM and Enables one way communications of

data & responds to command from LDC.

Circuit diagram
+5V

To main

Load

15
28

15

14
30

14

13
29

13

12
28

12

11
11
27

R ELAY SPD T

+5V

D 1
1N 4148

1k

R 6

1
2

3
7

33

VC C

28

30

29

28

27

19

21

34

8
9
1
1
1
1

0
1
2
3

L
L
L
L

L14

24

1
1
1
1

1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3

1K

G N D

35

L
L
L
L
L
L

25

26

R 5

1
T1

24

1
2
3
4
5
6

36

C 1
C

1k

C U R R EN TTR AN S F O R M ER

14

37

1K

12V

U 11

33pf
C 4

741

33

1k

13

R 4

0V

14

34

R 13 k

13
6M H Z

U 1

35

31

38

33pf

R 2

P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A

12

25

31

pic16f877a

26

C 3

36

3
+5V

37

32

12

38

11

12V

T1

32

C 5
0 .1 u f

U 3
2 3 0 V , 5 0 H z A C S u p p ly

39
11

+5V

1k

VO

40

LM 7905

VI

40
-5 V

39

470m f

G N D

1000m f
2

1k
R 1

U 1

1k

2
1k

load

D 1

1N 4148

O P -0 7 /T O

LM 311
7

16

LM 311
+

4 .7 K

-5 V

+5V

8 .2 K

2 .2 u f

2 .2 u f

8
13

Rx

T 2 IN
T 1 IN
C
C
C
C

U 3
7408

BC 187

0 .0 1 u f

0 .0 1 u f

T1O U T
T2O U T

VC C

2
3

10K

8 .2 K

5
6
8

1M

CURRENT

2 .2 u f

R 2 IN
R 1 IN

M A X 232

GSM
MODEM

14
7

Tx

2 .2 u f

-5 V

G N D

R 1O U T
R 2O U T

0 .0 1 u f
8 .2 K
BC 187

0 .0 1 u f

2 .2 u f
6
V2
V+

+
12+
2-

15

1
3
4
5

10K

10
11

4 .7 K

5
6
8

1M

12
9

8 .2 K

VOLTAGE

K1
2 .2 K

TO PROGRAMM ER

230V A C

LED

1
16

1
16

LC D

470m f

B R ID G E

6
4

1k

LM 7805
1000m f

2
3
4

1
2
3

VO

G N D

T3

19

VI

+ 4
1

10K

2
3
4

21

+5V
3

1
D 3 12V

PCB Design

PCB
PCB

is used to mechanically support and

electrically connect electronic components
using conductive pathways.
A signal traces etched from copper sheets
laminated onto a non conductive substrate.
It is also referred to as printed wiring
board(PWB) or etched wiring board.
PCBs are inexpensive and high reliable.
High initial cost than either wire-wrapped or
point-to-point constructed circuits .

Fabrication of PCB
Preparing

of layout
Painting of PCB
Development of the printed circuit
diagram
Etching of PCB
Drilling of holes
Soldering

FULL LOAD

1k
w

2k
w

3k
w

15kw
4k
w

2k
w

AT FULL LOAD THE CONSUMER GET FULL LOAD

3k
w

80% CUT

0.2kw

0.4kw

0.6kw

3KW
0.4kw

0.8kw

If to reduce power as 80% cut. The consumer set only 20% of the load. (Necessary Load)

0.6kw

50% CUT

0.5kw

1kw

1.5kw

7.5K
W
1kw

2kw

If to reduce 50% cut. The consumer get more than necessary load.

1.5kw

ALGORITHM
STEP1:start

the program
STEP2:initialize the ports . A port considered as
input. B port considered as output . c port
considered as output.
STEP3:Read the input signal. If it is analog we need
to convert into digital signal.
STEP4:if LPC(low power consumption) occur, low
load only operate
STEP5: if MPC(medium power consumption)occur ,
medium load will operate
STEP6:if HPC(high power consumption)occur, high
load only operate
STEP7:end

the program

PROGRAM
#include <16f877a.h>
#include <project.c>
#include <lcd.c>
#include <gsm_code.c>

void get_pf (void)

{
delay_cycles(1);
find_cos_angle:
if ( ph_angle_in )
angle_reg++;
goto find_cos_angle;
delay_cycles(1);
}

void refresh_display ( void )

{
delay_cycles(1);
printf(lcd_putc,"%06.3lw Rs.%03lu",( kwh_reg +
forced_kwh_reg),amt_reg);
delay_cycles(1);
if ( watts_disp_en_in )
{
printf(lcd_putc,"%03luW ",curr_wh_reg);
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
printf(lcd_putc,"%03luW ",curr_forced_wh_reg);
}
goto display_mode ;
}
lcd_putc("UNITS ");
display_mode:
if ( forced_hpc_bit )

if ( npc_bit )
{
lcd_putc("NORMAL PWR");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
if ( lpc_bit )
{
lcd_putc(" LOW POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
end_refresh_display:
delay_cycles(1);
}

void display_title ( void )

{
delay_cycles(1);
lcd_putc(" GSM DEMAND ENERGY METER ");
delay_cycles(1);
}
void main ()
{
lcd_putc(" Initialising modem ");
{
lcd_putc("F.HI POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
if ( hpc_bit )
{
lcd_putc("HIGH POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}

display_title();
delay_ms(2000);
cont_oper:
delay_ms(100);
check_volt:
gsm_run_ind = 1 ;
read_sms();
gsm_run_ind = 0 ;

cmd_rx = "Set1" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
write_mobile_number1();
cmd_rx = "Set2" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
write_mobile_number2();

cmd_rx = "Power on";

if( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
power_on_relay = 1 ;
cmd_rx = "Power off";
if( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
power_on_relay = 0 ;
cmd_rx = "Hpc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{
hpc_bit = 1 ;
npc_bit = 0 ;
lpc_bit = 0 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}

cmd_rx = "Npc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{

hpc_bit = 0 ;
npc_bit = 1 ;
lpc_bit = 0 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}
cmd_rx = "Lpc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{
hpc_bit = 0 ;
npc_bit = 0 ;
lpc_bit = 1 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}

check_inputs:
set_adc_channel (volt_an_in);
voltage_reg = read_adc();
set_adc_channel (curr_an_in);
current_reg = read_adc();
get_pf();
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( voltage_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( inter_reg * current_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( inter_reg * cos_angle_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
curr_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
curr_forced_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
forced_wh_reg = forced_wh_reg + inter_reg ;
}
curr_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
wh_reg = ( wh_reg + inter_reg );

check_mode_bits:
if ( npc_bit && force_hpc_in )
{
delay_cycles(1);
load1_out = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load3_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_bit = 1 ;
if ( !forced_hpc_bit )
forced_hpc_bit = 1 ;
}

if ( hpc_bit )
{
delay_cycles(1) ;

load1_out = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load3_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_bit = 1 ;
if ( !water_min_in )
water_pump_out = 1 ;
if ( water_max_in )
water_pump_out = 0 ;
}

if ( npc_bit )
{

water_pump_out = 0 ;
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_out = 0 ;
load3_bit = 0 ;

if ( ( curr_wh_reg ) > 200 )

{
lcd_putc(" OVER LOAD TRIP") ;
load1_out = 0 ;
load1_bit = 0 ;
load2_out = 0 ;
load2_bit = 0 ;

check_reset_npc:
delay_ms(100);
if ( !reset_in )
goto check_reset_npc ;
refresh_display();
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
}
}
if ( lpc_bit )
{
water_pump_out = 0 ;
load2_out = 0 ;
load2_bit = 0 ;
load3_out = 0 ;
load3_bit = 0 ;

load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;

if ( ( curr_wh_reg ) > 200 )

{
lcd_putc(" OVER LOAD TRIP") ;
load1_out = 0 ;
load1_bit = 0 ;
check_reset_lpc:
delay_ms(100);
if ( !reset_in )
goto check_reset_lpc ;
refresh_display();
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
}
}

end_wh_cal:
refresh_display();
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
inter_reg = forced_wh_reg ;
forced_kwh_reg = inter_reg + forced_kwh_reg ;
}
inter_reg = wh_reg ;
kwh_reg = inter_reg + kwh_reg ;

finish_wh_cal:
delay_cycles(1);
amt_reg = kwh_reg / 1000 ;
amt_reg = ( amt_reg + ( forced_kwh_reg / 500 ) );
refresh_display();
sprintf( msg_tx,"%06.3lwUNITS Rs.%03lu ",( kwh_reg +

forced_kwh_reg ),amt_reg );

if ( sms_send_en )
send_sms_command();
goto cont_oper;
}

Advantages
A system that

merges power and information and communicates intelligently to

customers, operators, and decision-makers.

A network

that is fully coordinated to operate automatically, efficiently, and reliably

delivering digital quality power to 21 st century customers.

An

intelligent grid that is responsive to energy markets and utility business enterprise

needs.
An

electric system capable of integrating a wide array of load, storage and generation

resources .
An

electric system that greatly enhances efficient utilization and consumption of

electricity.
An

electric system that delivers improved reliability and power quality.

Application of Our Project

Electricity board
Apparatus
Commercial

Journals

Research Article,Building Automation Networks for Smart

Grids;Peizhong Yi, Abiodun Iwayemi, and Chi Zhou,Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA,Correspondence should
be addressed to Chi Zhou, zhou@iit.edu, Received 2 November
2010; Accepted 2 April 2011.

An Algorithm for Intelligent Home Energy, Management and

Demand Response Analysis, Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Senior
Member, IEEE, Murat Kuzlu, Member, IEEE, and Saifur Rahman,
Fellow, IEEE.

An Optimal Power Scheduling Method Applied in Home Energy

Management System Based on Demand Response, Zhuang Zhao,
Won Cheol Lee, Yoan Shin, and Kyung-Bin Song, ETRI Journal,
Volume 35, Number 4, August 2013.

REFERENCES

Hardware Design of Smart Home Energy Management System with

Dynamic Price Response Qinran Hu, Student Member, IEEE,
Fangxing Li, Senior Member, IEEE

Demand Side Management: Demand Response, Intelligent Energy

Systems, and Smart Loads Peter Palensky, Senior Member, IEEE,
and Dietmar Dietrich, Senior Member, IEEE,IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, VOL. 7,
NO. 3, AUGUST 2011.

Hardware Demonstration of a Home Energy Management System

for Demand Response Applications. M. Kuzlu, Member, IEEE, M.
Pipattanasomporn, Senior Member, IEEE, and S. Rahman , Fellow,
IEEE,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 3, NO. 4,
JULY 2013.

THANK YOU