WELCOM

VISION
TECHNOLOG
Y

Submitted by,

Guided by,

NEETHU.K
S6-EL

Sri: RAVINDRAN .K
Electronics dpt.

Roll no.33

G.P.T.C

Palakkad

CONTENTS

Introduction

Night vision devices

Working principle

Parts of NVD

Methods of night vision

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Night vision technology is a technology that

provides the miracle of vision in total
darkness.

Also it helps to improve the vision in low light

environment.

NIGHT VISION DEVICES

(NVD)

The device which works based on the principle of

this technology is known as night vision device.

A night vision device is an optoelectronic

device.

WORKING

PRINCIPLE

Photomultiplication is the working principle of night

vision devices.

Photomultiplier means multiplication or amplification of

the low light.

The night vision devices functions like correction

eyeglasses.

PARTS OF NVDs

OBJECTIVE LENS

The task of the objective lens is to collect the

possible light and to focus on the IITs input
window.

The main working range of the objective lens is in

the visible IR spectrum.

IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE

(IIT)

The main function of IIT is produce an image of the

scenery of the photocathode/input window.

Both the input (photocathode) and the output

window(phosphor screen) are about same size.

EYEPIECE LENS

The task of an eyepiece lens is to magnify the photocathodes

image of the scenery produced by the IIT.

If there is a choice to make an eyepiece lens generally glass

should be preferred.

METHODS OF NIGHT VISION

TECHNOLOGY
Low-light

Thermal

IR

imaging.

imaging.

illumination.

IMAGE INTENSIFIERS
HOW THEY WORK:

An objective lens focuses available light on the

photocathode of an IIT.

The light energy causes electrons to be released

from the cathode.

Electrons hitting the phosphor screen and the

energy of these electrons makes the phosphor glow.

Image Intensifiers
Advantages

Disadvantages
Excellent sensitivity
Ability to identify
people.
High resolution.
Low power and cost.

Some light is required

at all time.
Inferior daytime
performance.
Possibility of blooming
and damage

Products based on image

intensifiers

Night vision goggles.

Night vision pocket scopes.

Intensified professional cameras.

Intensified Pro-summer camcorders.

Intensified Nikon cameras.

Intensified Canon cameras.

ON-CHIP GAIN MULTIPLICATION

In this technology, multiply the photon generated

charge above the detectors noise level.

In this electrons are accelerated from pixel-pixel by

applying high CCD clock voltages.

The CCD temperature also effects the on-chip gain

multiplication.

ON-CHIP GAIN MULTIPLICATION CAMERAS

Advantages
Disadvantages
High sensitivity
Good daytime imaging
performance
High speed imaging
capability.

High power dissipation

Blooming when viewing
bright sources in dark
scenes.

On-chip gain multiplication camerasbased products

Day/night surveillance camera

Frame-averaged and binned low-light CCD

camera

THERMAL IMAGING

This method do not require any ambient light at all.

A thermal imager is product that collects the infrared

radiation from objects in the scene and create an
electronic image.

They also are able to penetrate obscurants such as

smoke, fog and haze.

COOLED-INFRARED DETECTOR S

Cooled infrared detectors are typically housed in a

vacuum-sealed case and cryogenically cooled.

Cooling the detectors greatly increases their

sensitivity.

Materials used for infrared detection include a wide

range of narrow gap semiconductor devices.

COOLED- INFRARED DETECTORS

Advantages

Disadvantages

The highest sensitivity.

Expensive

Able to detect people and

vehicles at great distance.

Limited lifetime.

Not affected by bright light

sources.

May require several minutes

to cool down upon initiation.

Able to perform high speed

infrared imaging.

Bulky.

Able to perform multispectral infrared imaging.

COOLED- INFRARED DETECTORS

Short-wave infrared cameras.

Mid-wave infrared cameras.

Long-wave infrared cameras.

Multi-spectral infrared cameras.

UNCOOLED-INFRARED DETECTORS

This detectors operate at the room temperature.

The absorbed heat changes the electrical

properties of the detector material.

UNCOOLED- INFRARED
Advantages

DETECTORS

Disadvantages

Inexpensive.

Less sensitive.

High contrast.

Cannot be used for

multispectral or high
speed infrared
applications.

Easily detects peoples

and vehicles.
Not affected by bright
light sources.
Higher reliability.

UNCOOLED- INFRARED

DETECTORS

Uncooled thermal imaging camera-fixed mount.

Uncooled thermal imaging camera-portable.

IR ILLUMINATION

In this method a device that is sensitive to

invisible infrared radiation is used in conjunction
with an infrared illuminator.

The Sony Night Shot Camcorder popularized this

method.

IR ILLUMINATION
Advantages
Eliminates shadows.

Reveal identifying lettering ,

numbers and objects.
High speed video capture.
It can see through
fog,mist,rain,snowfalL
Lower cost

Disadvantages

Users of infrared illuminators

can be detected by others that
have near infrared viewing device

IR

ILLUMINATION

DEVICES

Filtered incandescent lamp

LED type illuminators

Laser type illuminator

CONCLUSION

Night vision technology is a technology that provides

us with the miracle of vision in total darkness.

This technology is an amalgam of different methods

each having its own advantages and disadvantages.

Thank you