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Definitions of Stress
Ø It is something that involves the interaction of the
individual with the environment.
Ø It is the experience of unpleasant over or under
stimulation which actually or potentially leads
to ill health.
Ø It is an internal experience that creates a
psychological or physiological imbalance
within an individual and results from factors in
the external environment, the organisation, or
the individual.
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Pressure and Stress
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Types of stress
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According to Dr. Pestonji
a) Eustress
b) Hypostress
c) Hyperstress
d) Distress
Nature of stress e)
Natural part of human functioning.
Associated with constraints and demands.
All people do not react in the same way to stressful
situation.
It is an additive phenomenon.
It is not necessarily bad.
It creates real cost to the organisation.
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Components of stress
Stimulus
(Environment, Interaction
of stimulus Response
Organization,
(Frustration,
Individual)
Anxiety)
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Types of stressor
Personality
Anxiety reduction
Direct confrontation
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Burnout
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Phases of Burnout
• Emotional Exhaustion
• Depersonalization
• Attitudinal Changes
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A Model of Burnout ST
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Personal Stressors
High achievement expectations Job and Organizational
High organizational expectations Role overload
Level of Job involvement Role conflict
Duration, frequency, and intensity of interpersonal inter
Stress Burnout
The person feel fatigued The individual encounters chronic
exhaustion.
The person is anxious The individual is hypersensitive
The person is dissatisfied with his The individual is bored and
or her job cynical about the work.
The person’s job commitment has The individual’s job commitment
dropped off from the is virtually nil; he or she is
organization. mentally detached.
The person is having difficulty The individual does not seem to
concentrating; he or she tends to know where he or she is;
forget things. forgetfulness is becoming more
The person feels guilty depressed. and
The more frequent.
individual encounters mental
fatigue. 11
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Stress Consequences
Positive Consequences
Self Motivation
Stimulation to work harder
Increased inspiration to live a better life.
Negative and Disruptive consequences
Subjective : anxiety, apathy, depression
Behavioral : alcoholism, drug abuse, nervous laughter.
Cognitive: poor concentration, mental blocks
Physiological : increased heart rate, dryness of mouth
Organizational : low productivity, job dissatisfaction.
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Causes of Stress
A) Environmental causes
Economic uncertainties
Political uncertainties
New innovation
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B) Organizational causes
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Role overload
Heavy responsibility
Role conflict
Role ambiguity
Job boredom
Interpersonal demand
Organisational structure
Organisational leadership
Organisational life state
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C) Personal causes
Type A personality
Locus of control
Cognitive appraisal
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Typical A type and B type Personality ST
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Characteristics
Type A people Type B People
Do things rapidly.
with.
which they feel are
May make nervous gestures such as tics within their capacity.
and clenched fist. May truly enjoy
Constantly evaluate their own and other
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Zoning out for hours in front of the Filling up every minute of the day to
TV or computer avoid facing problems
• physical violence)
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ABC STRATEGY
A = AWARENESS B = BALANCE
There is a fine line between
positive / negative stress
What causes you
stress?
How much can you cope with
How do you react? before it becomes negative ?
C = CONTROL
What can you do to help yourself combat
the negative effects of stress ?
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Ways to deal with Stress..
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1.Tackling problem
Thinking
Utilizing other people
The organizational system
2.Active distraction
People
Hobbies
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3. Self nurturing
Rest
Diet
Luxuriating
4. Emotional expression
Time management
Job enrichment
Ø Job redesign- responsibilities and skills,
job relocation
Ø Selection and replacement of staff
Ø Role clarification
Ø Cultivate allies at work
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• Biofeedback
• Conventional Medicine • Homeopathy
• Counselling & • Hypnotherapy
psychotherapy • Acupuncture
• Aromatherapy
• Meditation • Acupressure
• Massage • Gem therapy
• Yoga • Soft music
• Reiki
• Magnetic therapy
• Situation specific
therapy
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t re s s
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Do s e l f
yo u r
Y O U
A N K
T H Presented By:
Chandra Bhushan Kumar
Lalan Kumar Singh
Mukesh Ranjan
Rachit Ahuja
Sumit Chandra
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