Akuifer, Akuiklud, atau Akuitard

Mata Kuliah : Geohidrologi dan Hidrotermal

Dosen

: Tri Rani Puji Astuti, S.T., M.Eng.

Im Geologist

Tri Rani Puji Astuti (Rani)

Well Site Geologist Total E&P Indonesie

Palembang, 8 April 1990 (25 yo)

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Master of Engineering in petroleum geology (M.Eng) 2011, final thesis research

programs on Hokkaido University

Bachelor Degree in Geological Engineering (S.T) 2008

Achivement :

Student research at Hokkaido University (Long term PARE scholarship)

Fast track scholarship programs from DIKTI

1st winner Olimpiade Geologi Indonesia

SPE scholarship Java Section 2011

International & national research publication (IPTC, AAPG ICE, JAPAN conference, IAGI)

Rigs Life

Rigs Life

Rigs Life

Importance of Ground Water

Wells and springs provide water for
1. Drinking Supplies
2. Agricultural Irrigation
3. Livestock
4. Industry
Ground water is a precious resource that is threatened
by quantity and quality impacts.

Global Distribution of Water

Ground Water Zones

Soil moisture
Unsaturated zone
Capillary fringe
Water table
Saturated zone

Ground Water Zones

Soil Moisture
Water held by molecular attraction on soil particles.
This moisture is used by plant roots.

Unsaturated Zone
Area above the water table where pore spaces are
filled with air and water.
Water infiltrates through the soil, percolates
downward by gravity, and eventually reaching the
saturated zone.
Other names for the unsaturated zone are the vadose
zone or the zone of aeration.

Capillary Fringe
Extends upward from the water table.
Ground water is held by surface tension in tiny
passages between grains.
Capillary fringe thickness varies.
- Sand: < 1 cm
- Clay: Up to ten meters.

Zone of Saturation
A zone where all of the pore space is completely filled
with water.
Water within the pores is called ground water.
The upper limit of the zone of saturation is the Water
table.

Water table

Porosity and Permeability

Porosity is percentage of pore space.
- Determines ground water storage volume.
- May vary considerably over short distances.

Permeability is the ability of a material to transmit a fluid.

- A measure of pore connectedness.
- Some materials may have a high porosity and a low permeability.

Aquifer
Aquifer: body of saturated rock or sediment through
which water can move easily.
Examples: Sandstone, conglomerate, well-fractured
limestone, bodies of sand and gravel.
Aquifer is divided into 3:
Unconfined aquifer: water table is only partly filled.
Confined aquifer: water table completely filled with
water under pressure.
Perched aquifer is an aquifer that is trapped in a lens form in the underground.

The factors that determine if a geologic unit is an aquifer include the following:
(1) The permeability must be high enough that flow can be maintained.
(2) The aquifer dimensions must be great enough (i.e., there must be a significant
saturated thickness) to supply water to a well
(3) The quality of the water must be good enough for the intended use.

Aquiclud or Aquitard
Aquiclud or Aquitard is a layer of low permeability
that can store groundwater and also transmit it slowly
from one aquifer to another. The term leaky confining
layer is also applied to such unit.
Example: Silt and clay layer, cemented sediment, and
non-fractured bedrock.
Aquifuge is an absolutely impermeable unit that will
not transmit any water.

Aquitard

Conclusion
Aquifer: body of saturated rock or sediment through
which water can move easily.
Aquiclud or Aquitard is a layer of low permeability that can store
groundwater and also transmit it slowly from one aquifer to
another.
Aquifuge is an absolutely impermeable unit that will not transmit
any water.