The Gating System

ME1130 Foundry Engg

The Gating System

1. Minimize turbulent flow so that absorption of gases,
oxidation of metal and erosion of mould surfaces are
less
2. Regulate the entry of molten metal into the mould
cavity
3. Ensure complete filling of mould cavity, and
4. Promote a temperature gradient within the casting so
that all sections irrespective of size and shape could
solidify properly

The Gating System

pouring basin
Sprue
Sprue well
Runner
Ingates
Runner break up
Blind
Riser

Gating system

Pouring basin

Top gate

Parting line Gate

Bottom Gate

Bottom Gate

Gating system
i)

Pressurized gating system

ii) Unpressurized or free system

Unpressurized - The key

distinction is that the
Runner must have a c/s
area greater than the
Choke, and it would
appear that the Gate(s)
would equal or be larger
than the Runner(s).

Pressurized - is a system where the

gate and runner cross-sectional
areas are either equal or less than
the choke cross-sectional area;
A1= Choke = 1 unit
A2 = 1st Runner c/s
Area = 0.75 unit
A3 = 2nd Runner c/s
Area = 0.66 unit
A4 = 1st Gate = 0.33 unit
A5 = 2nd Gate = 0.33 unit

Common Ratio's noted are;

1 : 2 : 4;
1:3:3
1 : 4 : 4;
1:4:6

DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION-

Comparison of Pressurized and

Unpressurized Gating system
Pressurized system

Runners flow full

Can have straight sprue

Minimize the aspiration

Will enter the mold cavity with high velocity and turbulence

1:0.75:0.5

Unpressurized system

Reduces velocity and turbulence & minimizes erosion and

oxidation

Tapered sprue and sprue base

Used for casting light alloys Mn,bronze

1:2:4; 1:2:2( heavy metals)

Why Riser?
The shrinkage occurs in three stages,
1.When temperature of liquid metal drops from
pouring to zero temperature
2.When the metal changes from liquid to solid
state, and
3.When the temperature of solid phase drops
from freezing to room temperature
The shrinkage for stage 3 is compensated by
providing shrinkage allowance on pattern, while
the shrinkage during stages 1 and 2 are
compensated by providing risers.
The riser should solidify in the last otherwise
liquid metal will start flowing from casting to
riser. It should promote directional solidification.
The shape, size and location of the risers are

Riser
The most important function of a riser is that of a reservoir of heat and molten metal. To
be effective, it must be the last portion of the casting to solidify.
The volume of the riser should be large enough to compensate for the
metal contraction within the area of the casting it is designed to feed
Enough fluid metal must be in the riser to penetrate to the last cavity
within its feeding area.
The contact area of the riser with the casting must fully cover the area
to be fed, or be designed so that all the needed feed metal in the riser
will pass into the casting.
The riser should be effective in establishing a pronounced
temperature gradient within the casting, so that the casting will
solidify directionally toward the riser.

Location of Risers and Open and

Closed Risers
Top riser has the
advantage of
additional pressure
head and smaller
feeding distance over
the side riser.
Blind risers are
generally bigger in
size because of
additional area of
heat conduction.

Open and Blind Riser

Find the proper riser and its

location?!

Multiple riser at heavier section

Use of chills

Padding

Internal chills