The Internet & its

Application in Businesses

Presented by:
Huma Khan
Jawad Mughal
Mahpara Hameed
Wajiha Khan
Ziyad Mehtab
Internet Services

 There are many, but we will look at only the

following:
 FTP
 Telnet
 Web
 eMail
 Instant messaging
 VoIP
FTP: File Transfer Protocol

 Used to transfer files between computers on

a TCP/IP network (e.g Internet)
 Simple commands allow the user to:
 List, change, create folders on a remote computer
 Upload and download files
 Typical use: Transferring web content from
the developer’s PC to the web server
Telnet Protocol

 Using Telnet, a user can remotely log on to a

computer (connected to the user’s through a
TCP/IP network, e.g. Internet) & have control
over it like a local user, including control over
running various programs
 In contrast, FTP allows file operations only
 Typical use: Configuring and testing of a
remote web server
The Web

 The greatest, shared resource of information

created by humankind
 A user may access any item on the Web
through a URL, e.g.
http://www.szabist.edu.pk/cs/index.html
 Before, going any further, let us dissect this
URL
 http://www.szabist.edu.pk/cs/index.html

Protocol Server Directory &

Identifier Address File Name
How does the Web
?work
User launches the browser on his/her
computer

User’s
Computer

Browser
User types in the URL into the
browser

User’s
Computer

http://www.szabist.edu.pk/cs/index.htm
Browser
l
The browser breaks down
the URL
User’s
Computer

http://www.szabist.edu.pk/cs/index.html

cs/index.html
Directory &
www.szabist.edu.pk File Name
http Server’s Name
Protocol
Identifier
Browser sends server’s name to the
DNS server

Domain Name
User’s DNS
Computer Server
IP Address
Browser establishes a connection
with the server
User’s
Computer

Internet

Web
Server
Browser sends a ‘GET’ request for
cs/index.html
User’s
Computer

Internet

Web
Server
Server sends the requested file to
the browser
User’s
Computer

Internet

Web
Server
Browser displays
index.html

User’s X
Computer
eMail

 Computer-to-computer messaging
 Inexpensive, and quite quick, but not instant!
 The most popular service on the Internet,
even more than surfing, but soon to be
overtaken by instant messaging
 Billions are sent every day
How does an eMail
?system work
But first, the components:

 eMail client

 SMTP server

 POP3 server
eMail Clients

 Programs used for writing, sending,

receiving, and displaying eMail messages

 Examples: Outlook, Communicator, Hotmail,

YahooMail
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol
 A protocol used to send and receive eMail
messages over a TCP/IP network
POP3: Post Office Protocol
 A protocol used for receiving eMail messages

 A POP3 server maintains text files (one file

per user account) containing all messages
received by a user

 eMail client interacts with the POP3 server for

discovering and downloading new eMail
messages
The message is prepared using the
eMail client

Sender’s
Computer

eMail
Client
The eMail client sends it to the
SMTP server

Sender’s
Computer

SMTP
Server
If the receiver is local, it goes to the
POP3 server

Sender’s
Computer POP3
Server

SMTP
Server
The receiver picks it at his/her
convenience

Sender’s
Computer POP3
Server

SMTP Receiver's
Server Computer
Otherwise, it is sent to receiver's
SMTP server

Sender’s
Computer

SMTP
Server

Internet
SMTP
Server
Which forwards it to the local
POP3 server

Sender’s
Computer

SMTP
Server POP3
Server

Internet
SMTP
Server
The receiver picks it at his/her
convenience
Receiver's
Sender’s Computer
Computer

SMTP
Server POP3
Server

Internet
SMTP
Server

28
The Trouble with eMail
 Slow response times

 No way of knowing if the person we are sending

eMail to is there to read it

 The process of having a conversation through eMail

by exchanging several short messages is too
cumbersome

Instant messaging (IM) solves these problems

Instant Messaging

 The IM services available on the Internet

(e.g. ICQ, AIM, MSN Messenger, Yahoo!
Messenger) allow us to maintain a list of
people (contacts) that we interact with
regularly

 We can send an instant messages to any of

the contacts in our list as long as that contact
is online
Using Instant Messaging (1)

 Whenever a contact in our list comes online,

the IM client informs us through an alert
message and by playing a sound

 To send an instant message to a contact, just

click on the contact in the IM client, and start
typing the message
Using Instant Messaging (2)

 The selected contact will receive that

message almost immediately after you press
‘Enter’

 When the contact’s IM client receives the

message, it alerts the contact with a blinking
message and by playing a sound
Using Instant Messaging (3)

 That contact then can type a response to the

received message, and send it instantly

 Several such conversations can be carried

out simultaneously, each occupying a
separate IM windows
How instant messaging
works?
User launches the IM client

IM Client

Internet

My Computer
IM client finds the IM server & logs in

My Computer IM Server
It sends communication info (IP
address, etc) to the IM server

Temporary
File

My Computer IM Server
IM server finds user’s contacts &
sends him/her the communication
info for the ones online

My Computer IM Server
IM server also tells the contacts that the
user is online; sends his/her
communication info to them
Contact’s
Computer

My Computer IM Server
Now the user’s & the contact’s IM
clients are ready to communicate
directly (P2P)
Contact’s
Computer

My Computer IM Server
The IM server
doesn’t play any part
in this P2P
As new contact’s come online, IM
server informs them about the user
being online & vice versa
Contact
A’s Computer

My Computer IM Server

Contact
B’s Computer
Multiple, simultaneous conversations
are possible
Contact
A’s Computer

My Computer IM Server

Contact
B’s Computer
When the user logs-off, his/her IM
client informs the IM server
Contact
A’s Computer

My Computer IM Server

Contact
B’s Computer
IM server erases the temporary file
and informs the user’s contact’s
about his/her ‘offline’ status
Contact
A’s Computer

My Computer IM Server

Contact
B’s Computer
Key Point

 Once the IM server provides the

communication info to the user and his/her
contact’s IM client, the two are able to
communicate with each other without the IM
server’s assistance

 This server-less connection is termed as a

P2P connection
VoIP: Voice over IP

 Voice delivered from one device to another

using the Internet Protocol

 Voice is first converted into a digital form, is

broken down into packets, and then
transmitted over a TCP/IP network (e.g.
Internet)