Improvement of Hill

Climbing MPPT
Method and Two Stage
MPPT Method for
Partial Shading
Condition

Asyraf bin Ahmad Saferi

HGF150005
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof.
Dr. Jeyraj Selvaraj

1. Introduction/Background
Study
a. MPPT Hill Climbing

Presentation
Outline
For Research Proposal
By
Asyraf Ahmad Saferi

b. Two Stage MPPT for Partial

Shading Condition

2. Research Objectives
3. Conceptual
Framework/Analysis
a. HC Method under sudden
Irradiance Change
b. Proposed Fast Transient
Estimation Method

4. Work Schedule/Equipment
Required
5. Q&A

Introduction:
Part 1 HC MPPT
Operation of Solar Panel
- Complex non-linear between current
and voltage. Typically one maximum
point under uniform insolation.
- Hard to choose fixed load.
- Affected by climatic condition

- One of proposed solution:

- Employing MPPT in conjunction with DC-DC
converter.

Example of I-V and P-V curve of a

solar module. Circled in red is the
MPP

Introduction: Part 1 HC
MPPT
MPPT Hill Climbing Method - one of widely used
- perturb the operation until MPP reached:
either duty cycle/voltage/current
- Simple implementation
- High efficiency under stable weather condition

- Two disadvantages:
- slow dynamic response: solution - variable
stepping (various method previously
proposed/analysed)
- wrong perturbation under fast irradiance change less studied: will be focussed on.

Introduction: Part 1 HC MPPT

Tan (2015) - proposed SID method for Irradiance detection: Determining the
correct perturbation.
Extension to this method will be proposed: based on analysis of HC method
under large change of value in insolation i.e. 1000W/m2 to 300W/m2.
-Shown to greatly improved the dynamic performance of the system - faster
convergence to MPP.

Introduction: Part 2 Two Stage

MPPT for PSC
Partial Shading Condition
Typical PV Power generation system: Solar
Module in series and parallel to achieve
required power and voltage.
Hotspot problem due to partial shading- bypass
diode as a solution.
Bypass diode under partial shading- caused the
P-V curve having multiple peak and I-V curve
multiple stairs (Figure)

Introduction: Part 2 Two Stage

MPPT for PSC
- Report by Petrone et al(2008) - power losses as high as 70% based on real
measurement due to PSC.
- Drif et al(2008) - 41% of installed PV systems in German 1000 Roofs
Programme affected by PSC - 10% energy loss.

Introduction: Part 2 Two Stage

MPPT for PSC

Introduction: Part 2 Two Stage

MPPT for PSC
General Implementation of Two stage Method:
First stage: Various proposed method to determine interval for approximate
GMPP location.
Second Stage: Conventional MPPT method i.e. P&O or IncCond to determine
precise MPP location.
Can be divided further into two categories.

Introduction: Part 2 Two Stage

MPPT for PSC

Research Objectives
1) To analyse Hill Climbing(HC) MPPT Method
2) To improve HC MPPT Method by utilising previously
proposed SID method with proposed Fast Estimation
Method
3) To analyse Partial Shading Condition(PSC) of the
Photovoltaic(PV) Module
4) Proposing an improved two-stage MPPT method for
PV module under PSC

Conceptual Framework
Perturbation of HC Method under
sudden irradiance change.
HC Perturbing from ROM to MPP
-Correct decision

Conceptual Framework
Perturbation of HC Method under
sudden irradiance change.
HC Perturbing from LOM to MPP
-Incorrect decision for perturbation

Conceptual Framework
Perturbation of HC Method under sudden irradiance change.
-Consecutive wrong stepping--If the sampling rate of HC method is faster than irradiance change,
the dynamic of irradiance will be appearing as a continuous changing for HC method at each cycle.

Summary:
Regardless of system parameter and climate condition: chance of wrong
perturbation under sudden irradiance change (LOM to MPP at steady-state)
with possibility of consecutive wrong stepping.

Conceptual Framework
Proposed Fast Transient Estimation Method

Operating point (OP) will be drifted away under sudden irradiance change
-Need fast response correction step (Keeping the OP at MPP/near MPP to reduce
tracking loss).
Two will be proposed:
1. Linear Estimation of Correction Step
2. Non-linear Estimation of Correction Step

Conceptual Framework
Linear Estimation of Correction Step
-based on linear approximation of irradiance drop.
-only applicable when operation drifted to current source region.
-Correction Step:
-k1: Scaling factor
-ksc: Constant based on solar module parameter.

Conceptual Framework
Linear Estimation of Correction Step
Only applicable when operation drifted to current source region. Condition to
be fulfilled:

If not, Non-Linear Estimation will be applied instead.

Conceptual Framework
Nonlinear Estimation of Correction Step
At voltage source region: Change in current with respect to irradiance change
is large for small irradiance increase, but the response is small when the
irradiance increase is large. Hence, exponential feedback is used.

k2: scaling factor for proper response.

Provides high correction step when change in irradiance small, and
exponentially changes the correction step with slight change in current (Ipv ).

Work Schedule

Equipment Required and

Estimated Cost

[*] Available in laboratory.

Selected Bibliography
D. Sera, R. Teodorescu, J. Hantschel, and M. Knoll, Optimized Maximum Power Point Tracker for Fast-Changing
Environmental Conditions, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 26292637, jul 2008.
L. Piegari and R. Rizzo, Adaptive perturb and observe algorithm for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking, IET
Renewable Power Generation, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 317, 2010.
H. Patel and V. Agarwal, Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme for PV Systems Operating Under Partially Shaded Conditions,
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 16891698, 2008.
E. Koutroulis and F. Blaabjerg, A New Technique for Tracking the Global Maximum Power Point of PV Arrays Operating Under
Partial-Shading Conditions, IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 184190, 2012.
T. Kok Soon, S. Mekhilef, K. S. Tey, and S. Mekhilef, Modified Incremental Conductance Algorithm for Photovoltaic System
Under
Partial Shading Conditions and Load Variation, Ind. Electron. IEEE Trans., vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 53845392, 2014.
Y. Wang, Y. Li, and X. Ruan, High-Accuracy and Fast-Speed MPPT Methods for PV String Under Partially Shaded Conditions,
IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 235245, 2016.

Q & A Session