Lecture7

Internetworking

Recap

LAN Design
Issues
Media; Topology; Protocol;
Addressing; Naming;
Example networking application.

Network Topology
Bus

Point to
Point

Star
Tre
e

Rin
g

(cont)

Parti
al
Mesh

Fully
Connect
ed

IP addressing
IP Address
192.168.15.2
(decimal)
1100000010101000

0000111100000010
(binary)

Subnet Mask:
255.255.255.0
(decimal)
Network part Host
part
1111111111111111

Range: 192.168.15.0 to
addressing
(network/ broadcast
192.168.15.255;

Two addresses are reserved in every

For our
.
network
example:
25
1) host bits all zeros (for representing
4
192.168.15.

the network)
255
2) ->
host bits all192.168.15.
ones (for the broadcast
broadcast
address)
Packet sent
0/24
address;

to broadcast
address

.
1
A packet sent to broadcast
address will be received by all

Example application
In the last lecture, we
assumed a greatly simplified
model of the W
W
P
W
LAN of NUST-SEECS
C
Networks
domain
name:
We assumed that a student (in
niit.edu.pk
the niit.edu.pk LAN) wanted to
access NUST-SEECS website
hosted at www.niit.edu.pk

DNS Client/Server Exchange

D
N
S

Reque
st

Tell me the IP
address of
www.niit.edu.pk?

W
W
W

DNS Client/Server Exchange

D
N
S

Repl
y

W
W
W

The IP address of
www.niit.edu.pk is
202.125.157.196

ARP Client/Server Exchange

D
N
S

Reque
st

Any one knows the

MAC (physical)
address of

W
W
W

ARP Client/Server Exchange

D
N
S

Repl
y

W
W
W

The MAC address

of
202.125.157.196

Layered Communications
Application
data
TCP
Segment
IP Packet
MAC
Frame

GET /
HTML/1.1

Source Port |
Destination Port
> 1024
|
80
Source IP
|
Destination IP
202.125.157.150 |
202.125.157.196

Source MAC address | Destination

MAC address 23:34:aa:bb:cc:dd
|
12:34:aa:bb:cc:dd

Payload

Payloa
d

Payloa
d

FCS

HTTP High-level Exchange

D
N
S

Reque
st

Send me the index.html

page for the host
www.niit.edu.pk using

W
W
W

HTTP Client/Server Exchang

D
N
S

Repl
y

W
W
W

The index.html page in the wwwroot

directory configured for the
www.niit.edu.pk webserver is sent

Quiz #
3

y
a
d ure
o
T e ct
l

Internetworking
Encapsulation/ layered
communication;
Hierarchical addressing;
Interconnecting multiple
networks;

Layered Communication
TCP/IP model
Application
layer
Transport
layer
Internet layer
Link layer

GET /
HTML/1.1

Source Port |
Destination Port
> 1024
|
80
Source IP
|
Destination IP
202.125.157.150 |
202.125.157.196

Source MAC address | Destination

MAC address 23:34:aa:bb:cc:dd
|
12:34:aa:bb:cc:dd

Payload

Payloa
d

Payloa
d

FCS

Networking devices
(same LAN)
Application

Application

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Data Link

Data Link

Bits

Bits

Bridges/ Host
Repeater/
Source HostDestination
Switches
(Same
Hub LAN)

ice used in a single LAN: hub, bridge, switch

nternetworking devices
(different LAN)
Application
Transport

Routers/ Application
Gateway Transport

Network

Network

Data Link

Data Link

Bits

Bits

Source Host

Destination Host
(Different network)

Routing example

Routing example

Course to be tested
Every thing we have studied in the
classroom.
Topics covered in the assignment
will not be tested in this exam.
Details of material discussed in class
(that is in your textbook) may be
tested.
Material from your textbook that
was not covered in the class at all
will not be tested

Mid sessional format

3 Sections
a) Multiple choice questions (30
marks)
b)Fill in the blanks (30 marks)
c) Questions requiring short answers
(40 marks)

Types of questions:
d)Requiring lower-order skills
(memorization and
comprehension)


e
r

u
t
c
e
L
s ary
m
m
u
S

a) We studied the TCP/ IP layering

model
b)We discussed basic networking
device types: 1) hubs/ repeaters;
2) bridges/ switches;
3)
routers.
c) We studied that routers are
necessary for internetworking.
d)We discussed details of the midsemester exam.

??

Questions/
? Confusions?
Credits/ Acknowledgement can
be found at the course
website:
http://tinyurl.com/5hb8pp