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Content
Multi-Path Effects
sending signal
strength
receiving signal
0
time
Interference
dithering
0
delay
Sending signal
Accepting signal
fading
0dB
2 3
Sending signal
Accepting signal
Sending signal
-25dB
Accepting signal
Sending signal
Accepting signal
Frequency
Frequencyoff-set
off-setcaused
causedby
bythe
themovement
movementof
ofmobile
mobile
that
thatis
isDoppler
Dopplereffect
effect
Content
C
C == Blog
Blog22(1+S/N)
(1+S/N)
Where,
C is capacity of channel, b/s
B is signal bandwidth, Hz
S is average power for signal, W
N is average power for noise, W
It is the basic principle and theory for spread spectrum
communications.
MATH
HAMMER
30 KHz
1.25 MHz
Spreading
Despreadin
g
radio channel
Noise
Transmitter
Receiver
Sf
signal
signal
f0
f0
Before spreading
After spreading
Sf
Sf
White noise
signal
White noise
signal
f0
Before despreading
signal
interference
f0
After despreading
White noise
Spreading Mode
Slow
Information
Sent
Slow
Information
Recovered
TX
Fast
Spreading
Sequence
RX
Fast
Spreading
Sequence
Processing Gain
Broadband
Interference
Unwanted Power from
Other Resoures
+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1
Code1
+1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1
Code2
-1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1
Code2
+1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1
Mul
-1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1
Mul
+1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1
Sum
0
Orthogonal
Sum
-2
Non-orthogonal
Orthogonal
the result of multiplying
and sum is 0
-1 1
MUL
-1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 1 -1
Integral
MUL
-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
-4
Judge
-1
S1
Spreading
W
S2
S
N
S2XC2
[S1xC1+S2xC2]xC
1
=S1
Air Interface
(S1xC1)+(S2xC2)
Despreading
[S1xC1+S2xC2]x
C2
=S2
C1xC2=0,
C1,C2,orthogonal
Data=010010
1
-1
Chip
Spreading code =
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
( SF = 8 )
Spreading
1
-1
Spread signal
= Data code
Spreading code
1
-1
Despreadin
g
1
-1
1
-1
Data =
Spread signal
Spreading code
Content
-2
Turbo coding
BER<10-6
Channel coding
WCDMA
W W C C D D M M AA
W ? C C D D M M AA
TURBO
T T UURRBBOO
T T
S P E A K Encoding S S P P E E A A K K
Decoding
? URRBBOO
S S PPE E A? K K
Content
advantage
Interleave is to change the sequence of data to random the
unexpected errors
Advance the correcting validity
disadvantage
Increase the processing delay
Especially, Several independent random errors may intertwined for
the unexpected error .
e.g.
Data input
A = (x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x25)
x1
x6
x2
x7
x22
Data output
x3
x8
x23
x4
x9
x24
x5
x10
x25
Encoding
SPEAK
W W C C D D M M AA
T T UURRBBOO
WTSWTS
Interleaving
S S PPE EAAK K
CUPCUP
DREDRE
M BAMBA
Decoding
W??CDDMMA?
T ? ?UR??BOO
S ? ?P?EAAKK
AOKAOK
WTS???
Deinterleaving
? ? ?CUP
DR?D?E
M ?AM BA
AOK?OK
Content
Principle of Modulation
Definition
Classification
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
Modulation
Symbol
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
Content
Encoding &
Interleaving
Baseband
modulation
Spreading
Modulation
RF Transmitting
Despreading
Baseband
demodulation
Demodulation
RF Receiving
Decoding &
Deinteleaving
UE Data
Content
Convolutional Code
Characteristics
Turbo Code
Characteristics
Content
Chip
Data
Spread Data
3.84Mcps
3.84Mcps
OVSF Code
Scrambling
Code
Channelization Code
SF = 2
SF = 4
Scrambling Code
(0..262142)
No. 7 Scrambling
Code
No.
Scrambling
Code
8176510
PSC
Group
Group
8177 SSC
No. 1
Scrambling
Code
504
Scrambling
Code
112
8176
PSC
8160No.
8160
Group
No. 0 Scrambling Code
16 16 PSC
8064
8064
81758065 127 8191
17
0 0 PSC
17 SSC
81758065
1 1 SSC
31
8079
31 SSC
8079
15
15 SSC
8176
8177
Code Functions
Air
Interface
cscrambling
cch 3
A pseudo-random sequence
Modulatio
n
Processing Gain
P
Processing
Gain
Processing Gain
Wc
Rb
Despreading
W
Rb
Question
Wc: 3.84Mchip/s
Rb: 12.2kbps
Despreading procedure
Method of despreading
Input signal
Ts
(*)dt
0
Content
summary
Principle of WCDMA
Channel coding
Convolutional code
Turbo code
Codes
Channelization code
Scrambling code
Modulation
BPSK
QPSK
16QAM