AUTOTRONICS:IMPROVING

VEHICLE PERFORMANCE

AUTRONICS IN A VIEW

FIG.1 [1]

INTRODUCTION
AUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICS
first electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU

(Engine control unit)

Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive
innovation now stems from electronics

FIG.2 [2]

HISTORY:

TIMELINE:
1970s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls
1980s: Anti-lock braking introduced
Early 1990s: Airbags become standard
Late 1990s: Rapid expansion of body electronics seat motors
Computers, instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and
keyless entry
Early 2000s to date: infotainment, including sophisticated audio
and video ; Signals sent via satellite (such as the OnStar System);
GPS and mapping Capabilities; satellite radio
Late 2000s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity

Automobile applications of autotronics

in following domains:
Braking system
Steering system
Suspension system
Transmission system
Engine (fuel intake)

Braking system

EBS increases traffic safety through

reduced stopping distance and improved

brake stability.

Functions In ECB:
Anti-lock braking system (ABS):
Traction control system (TCS)
Brake lining wear control

FIG.3[3]

ABS:
ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed

and patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived from the German

term "anti blockier system."
Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers
maintain steering control during an emergency stopping situation

Difference between ABS & Traction Control

ABS

manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver

Traction Control
manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver

STEERING SYSTEM
The self-alignment estimation

control uses both the EPS sensor

information and internally
programmed EPS control.
Speed sensitive steering system:
Used to control the power
steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle speed.
Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steering
This action reduces the steering effort during low speed maneuver
and parking.

Electrically powered steering

uses an electric motor to drive

either the power steering
hydraulic pump or the steering
directly.
Steering sensor" is located
on the input shaft where
it enters the gearbox housing.
An interface circuit that
same housing converts the
signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals.
The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular velocity
information internally programmed in the EPS system.
This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher speeds on
the road.
Sensors
Accelerating sensor ,displacement sensors, Steering wheel position

SUSPENSION SYSTEM
suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are

passive.
Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the
springs and damp the oscillations .

Active Roll Control Systems :

Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed

by lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to the roll angle of

the vehicle include vehicle height and suspension stiffness.

ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the

vehicle roll angle in cornering, which improves handling.

The active roll control system contains

Control module,
Accelerometer,
Speed sensor,
Fluid reservoir,
Electrohydraulic pump,
Pressure control valve,
Directional control valve,
A hydraulic actuator in both the

front and rear stabilizer bars .

FIG.4[4]

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Mainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.
Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on

BMW products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.

The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the
transmission by monitoring slip ratios .
The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque
Converter which further increases economy
ADVANTAGES:
Increased fuel economy
Improved shift comfort
Increased driving safety

Electronic Fuel Injection

EFI system electronically

meters the fuel so that the

exact amount needed is provided
to the engine.
EFI uses to fuel to power the
engine by pumping it forcibly
FIG.5[4]
by using high pressure through a
small nozzle or valve.
A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel
pressures (5 to 12 MPa)

ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

It automatically adjusts the

vehicle speed and distance to

that of a target vehicle.
ACC uses a long range radar
sensor to detect a target
vehicle up to 200 meters in
front of vehicle.
As per standard cruise control
FIG.6[4]
the driver can override the system at any time.
Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not
exceed the speed limit on the highway.

Airbags

0000
FIG.7[4]
The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that measure
the amount of quick deceleration through an accelerometer
The new calculations will take into account the position of the
seats, the use of a seat belt and the weight of the occupants.

Latest research
Active bumper system,
active hood lift system,
vehicle to vehicle communication
Camber thrust in F 1 vehicles
Global Positioning System
Rain sensing wipers
Adaptive light system

CONCLUSION
We briefly presented current and future vehicular electronics

system
An approach that uses modern technique to solve most of the

local vehicular problems.

The automobile industry and will likely continue as people

always want and expect more from their cars.

REFERENCE
[1] Mechanical Engineering Design by Joseph Shigley.
[2]Applying Model-Based Design to Commercial Vehicle
Electronics Systems; Tom Egel, Michael Burke, Michael Carone,
Wensi Jin The Math Works, Inc.; 2008.
[3] Development of EPS+; Sumio MOTOYAMA 2009.
[4] REAL TIME FUEL INJECTION IN SI ENGINE USING
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION; V. VINOTH KUMAR;
2010.

THANK YOU
!!