The Crusades

By Aaron
Amil &
Shaun

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction
Ist, IInd, IIIrd & Ivth crusdes
End of Crusades
Knights Templars
Modern Times

Introduction

Began in 1095
Pope Urban II responds to Alexius of
Byzantine empire
Relation between Byzantine and Europe
tense
Armies of Christians sent to Jerusalem to
recapture the Holy Land from the
occupying Egyptians
Ten Crusades, from 1095-1487

Popes plea
All who die by the way, whether by
land or by sea, or in battle against
the pagans, shall have immediate
remission of sins. This I grant them
through the power of God with which
I am invested.

The Peoples Crusade

Led by Peter the Hermit, a band of
knights and commoners set of
before the official army.
But crushed by Turkish forces at
Cibotus

The First Crusade (10961099)

Led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles,
Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of
Vermandois and Bohemond of
Taranto

Crusaders and Byzantine allies

captured Antioch in June 1098

Crusaders encamped before

Jerusalem in June 1099

Besieged citys governor

surrendered by mid July.

Aftermath
1st crusade ended in 1099
Four cities established - Crusader states, in
Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli.
Around 1130, Muslims waged their own holy war
Jihad against Franks (Christians)
In 1144, the Seljuk general Zangi, governor of
Mosul, captured Edessa, leading to the loss of the
northernmost Crusader state.
Sparks 2nd crusade.

The Second Crusade (114749)

Began in 1147
Led by two great rulers, King Louis VII of France
and King Conrad III of Germany
Decided to attack the Syrian stronghold of
Damascus with an army of some 50,000
Largest crusader army
Faced humiliating defeat by Muslim forces

Third Crusade (1189-92)

In 1187, Saladin began a
major campaign against the
Crusader Kingdom of
Jerusalem.
Captured Jerusalem in 1187
Outrage over these defeats
inspired the Third Crusade
Led by Emperor Frederick
Barbarossa, King Richard I of
England & King Philip II of
France
In September 1191, Richards
forces defeated those of
Saladin in the battle of Arsuf

Salah adDin

Continued
Richard captured Jaffa & reestablished Christian control
over some of the region
But refused to lay siege to
Jerusalem
Richards army plagued by
dysentery and atrocious
weather.
Richard and Saladin signs
peace treaty in September
1192.
Ends Third crusade.

4 Crusade (1198-1229)
th

Pope Innocent III called for a new

Crusade in 1198
Tension increases between Europe
and Byzantine Empire
Efforts diverted to topple
Constantinople
Ended with the conquest and looting
of the magnificent Byzantine capital

End of Crusades

6th 8th were short lived raids

Seventh Crusade (1239-41) succeeded
Lost in 1244
Mamluks cause downfall
Ends by capture of Acre in 1290
Church efforts minimized by 16th century

Reference
History The Crusades
http://www.history.com/topics/crusad
es

Britannica The Crusades

http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/ab
els/hh315/crusades_timeline.htm