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Overview
The purpose of these slides are to provide a quick
introduction to the new PowerWorld Simulator transient
stability capabilities.
The slides are designed for people who already know
how to use PowerWorld Simulator for power flow
studies, and also have at least some familiarity with
transient stability
To get users up to speed on PowerWorld Simulator's basic,
non-transient stability functions, we have made free on-line
training videos and slides available at
http://www.powerworld.com/services/webtraining.asp
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Goal
The goal of these slides is to give you a quick
introduction to the new transient stability function in
PowerWorld Simulator
The training philosophy is learning by doing
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Generator
Tab
Double Click on Fields (which sets them to yes) to Store Their Values
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Minimum
and
maximum
values are
available
for all
generators
and buses
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By default the results are shown for each time step. Results can be saved
saved every n timesteps using an option on the Options, General page
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GENROU Model
The GENROU model
provides a very good
approximation for the
behavior of a synchronous
generator over the dynamics
of interest during a
transient stability study
(up to about 10 Hz).
It is used to represent a
solid rotor machine with
three damper windings.
More than 2/3 of the machines in the 2006 North American Eastern
Interconnect case (MMWG) are represented by GENROU models.
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This plot repeats the previous example with the bus 3 fault. The
generator response is now damped due to the damper windings included
in the GENROU model. Case is saved in examples as
Example_13_4_GENROU.
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IEEET1 Exciter
Once you have inserted the IEEET1 exciter you can view its block
diagram by clicking on the Show Diagram button. This opens a
PDF file in Adobe Reader to the page with that block diagram. The
block diagram for this exciter is also shown below.
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Defining Plots
Because time plots are commonly used to show transient
stability results, PowerWorld Simulator makes it easy to
define commonly used plots.
Plot definitions are saved with the case, and can be set to
automatically display at the end of a transient stability run.
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Defining Plots
Plots Page Plot Designer tab
Device
Type
Customize
the plot
line.
Field
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The resultant plot is shown below. To copy the plot to the windows clipboard, or to save
the plot, right click towards the bottom of the plot to display the local menu, or click on
the small arrow in the lower right-hand corner. You can re-do the plot without rerunning the simulation by clicking on Generate Selected Plots button.
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5
0
-5
-10
1.1
1.05
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
3
gf
V (pu)_Bus '4'
6
f
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1.1
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1.05
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35
30
25
0.95
0.9
20
0.85
15
0.8
10
5
0.75
0.7
-5
0.65
-10
-15
0.6
-20
0.55
-25
0.5
-30
-35
0.45
-40
0.4
-45
0.35
-50
-55
0.3
1
gf
2
V (pu)_Bus '1'
4
f
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Note: All fields specified to plot will automatically be stored in RAM. So if you select what to plot first,
and that is all you want to do, you do not have to pre-specify what to store in RAM.
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WSCC_9Bus Case
Bus 2
Bus 7
Bus 8
Bus 9
100
Bus 3
90
80
163 MW
7 Mvar
70
1.016 pu
1.025 pu
1.026 pu
1.032 pu
1.025 pu
85 MW
-11 Mvar
60
50
40
Bus 5
0.996 pu
100 MW
Bus 6
1.013 pu
35 Mvar
30
20
10
125 MW
50 Mvar
Bus 4
1.026 pu
90 MW
30 Mvar
-10
-20
-30
Bus1
1.040 pu
-40
-50
72 MW
27 Mvar
gf
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The left figure shows the initial power flow solution for the WSCC 9 bus case.
The right figure shows the generator angles for a fault on the line between buses
5 and 7 near the bus 7 terminal, which is cleared after 0.77 seconds by opening
the bus 5 to 7 line. Change the fault clearing time to verify that system loses
stability for a clearing time between 0.078 and 0.079 seconds. This fault and the
associated plots are already set up in the case, starting with a clearing at 0.077
seconds.
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Because this case has no governors and no infinite bus, the bus frequency keeps rising throughout the
simulation, even though the rotor angles are stable. Users may set the generators to automatically trip
in Options, Generic Limit Monitors. All generators that do not have relays may be set to have
under- and over-frequency tripping if they exceed those amounts for greater than the pickup time. In
this example, setting automatic tripping as above causes Generator 2 and 3 to trip out between 7 and
8 seconds (with a 0.077 seconds clearing). If all generators trip out (which would happen eventually
in this simulation), the simulation aborts as there are no longer any viable islands.
Generator Governors
Generator governors are needed to maintain system
frequency by varying the generator mechanical power
A typical governor input is frequency deviation, while the
output is mechanical power.
PowerWorld Simulator supports many different types of
governors. For this example well add the simple TGOV1
stream turbine model, whose block diagram is shown below.
VMAX
Reference
VAR ( L )
1
R
1
1 sT1
1 sT2
1 sT3
PMECH
VMIN
SPEED
Dt
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Generator Governors
As was the case with machine models and exciters, governors can
be entered using the Generator Dialog.
Add TGOV1 models for all three generators using the default
values.
Use the Add Plot button on the plot designer to insert new plots
to show 1) the generator speeds, and 2) the generator mechanical
input power.
Change contingency to be the opening of the bus 3 generator at
time t=1 second. There is no fault to be cleared in this
example, the only event is opening the generator. Run case for 20
seconds.
Case with governors included and plots designed is named
WSCC_9Bus_WithGovernors.
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Note that when new plots are added using Add Plot, new Folders appear
in the plot list. This will result in separate plots for each group (unlike
putting different values on the same plot as with AxisGroups).
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59.95
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Speed (Hz)
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Time (Seconds)
Time (Seconds)
Speed_Gen '1' '1'
gff
Note: You can switch between the plots by clicking on the plot name at the top of the window
The left figure shows the generator speed, while the right figure
shows the generator mechanical power inputs for the loss of
generator 3. This is a severe contingency since more than 25% of
the system generation is lost, resulting in a frequency dip of almost
one Hz. Notice frequency does not return to 60 Hz.
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Case is
WSCC_9Bus_Hydro
GMAX
PREF
db1
1 sTn
1 sTnp
1
1 sT f
1
1 sTg
GMIN
PGV
1 sTr
rTr s
Dturb
db2
1.0
1
sTW
At
qNL
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200
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180
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160
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Speed (Hz)
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90
80
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40
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30
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0
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Time (Seconds)
gf
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Time (Seconds)
Speed_Gen '1' '1'
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Load Modeling
The load model used in transient stability can have a
significant impact on the result, particularly for voltage
studies. A useful discussion is found in [1].
By default PowerWorld uses constant impedance models but
makes it very easy to add more complex loads.
The default (global) models are specified on the Options,
Power System Model page.
These models are used only
when no other models are
specified.
[1] J.A. Diaz de Leon II, B. Kehrli, The Modeling Requirements for Short-Term Voltage Stability Studies, Power Systems
Conference and Exposition (PSCE), Atlanta, GA, October, 2006, pp. 582-588.
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Load Modeling
More detailed models are added by selecting Stability Case
Info from the ribbon, then Case Information, Load
Characteristics Models.
Models can be specified for the entire case (system), or
individual areas, zones, owners, buses or loads.
To insert a load model click right click and select insert
to display the Load Characteristic Information dialog.
Right click
here to get
local menu and
select insert.
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1 .0 5
1
0 .9 5
0 .9
0 .8 5
0 .8
0 .7 5
0 .7
0 .6 5
0 .6
0 .5 5
0 .5
0 .4 5
0 .4
0 .3 5
0 .3
0 .2 5
0 .2
0 .1 5
0 .1
0 .0 5
0
V (pu)_Bus '2' f
V (pu)_Bus '3' f
V (pu)_Bus '4' f
V (pu)_Bus '5'
V (pu)_Bus '6' f
V (pu)_Bus '7' f
V (pu)_Bus '8' f
V (pu)_Bus '9'
V (pu)_Bus '1'
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fg
f
f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '2 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '3 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '4 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '5 '
V ( p u ) _ B u s '6 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '7 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '8 ' f
V ( p u ) _ B u s '9 '
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V ( p u ) _ B u s '1 '
The impact of the complex load on the solution is demonstrated above in which the figures
show the bus voltages for the line 7 to 5 contingency case with a clearing time of just 0.033
seconds. The left figure uses a constant impedance load while the right is with the CLOD
model. The reason for the voltage decrease is during the fault the smaller induction motors
start to slow down, getting close to stalling. The critical clearing time for the case has
decreased from 0.078 to about 0.040.
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1.05
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115
110
1
0.95
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4
4
3
3
2
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
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0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0
5
0
5
0
5
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
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15
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0.1
0.05
5
0
0
0
0 .5
1 .5
gf
2 .5
3 .5
M e c h In p u t _ G e n '3 ' '1 '
4 .5
0.5
1.5
2
f
g
2.5
V (pu)_Bus '3' f
3.5
4.5
V (pu)_Bus '9'
The left shows the real power output (MW) and the mechanical power input at
Generator 3. During the fault the LVPL sets the real power current at zero.
Once the fault is cleared this current is ramped back up, subject to a rate limit.
The mechanical power output is slowly decreased by the pitch control, which
cannot respond quickly.
The right figure shows the voltage magnitudes at the terminal and high buses.
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37 Bus Case
Next we consider a slightly larger, 9 generator, 37 bus
system. To view this system open case GSO_37Bus.
The system one-line is shown below. To see summary
SLACK345
A
MVA
A
MVA
1.03 pu
slack
75 MW
49 Mvar
RAY345
A
1.03 pu
TI M345
SLACK138
MVA
MVA
MVA
1.02 pu
RAY138
MVA
33 MW
13 Mvar
18 MW
5 Mvar
16.0 Mvar
1.02 pu MVA
MVA
MVA
1.02 pu
RAY69
74 MW
TI M69
PAI 69
1.01 pu
1.01 pu
MVA
GROSS69
17 MW
3 Mvar
23 MW
7 Mvar
27 Mvar
MVA
A
A
1.03 pu
1.02 pu
MVA
TI M138
1.01 pu
MVA
MVA
A
MVA
FERNA69
MVA
MVA
23 MW
7 Mvar
MORO138
HI SKY69
MVA
A
12 MW
5 Mvar
20 MW
6 Mvar
1.00 pu
1.00 pu
PETE69
DEMAR69
MVA
58 MW
40 Mvar
UI UC69
1.00 pu
140 MW
45 Mvar
12.8 Mvar
56 MW
MVA
58 MW
36 Mvar
MVA
1.00 pu
BLT138
1.00 pu
MVA
7.3 Mvar
HALE69
MVA
15 MW
MVA
5 Mvar
75 MW
35 Mvar
A
MVA
36 MW
10 Mvar
60 MW
12 Mvar
MVA
A
A
7.3 Mvar
MVA
MVA
1.01 pu
1.00 pu
PATTEN69
1.01 pu
LAUF69
1.02 pu
A
MVA
23 MW
6 Mvar
23 MW
3 Mvar
WEBER69
22 MW
15 Mvar
10 MW
5 Mvar
1.01 pu
1.01 pu
BUCKY138
A
MVA
SAVOY69
A
1.02 pu
38 MW
4 Mvar
J O138
J O345
MVA
A
MVA
ROGER69
28 MW
6 Mvar
MVA
LAUF138
MVA
MVA
A
MVA
1.01 pu
1.01 pu
0.0 Mvar
150 MW
-14 Mvar
BLT69
1.01 pu
MVA
1.01 pu
A
MVA
SHI MKO69
MVA
MVA
1.01 pu
A
LYNN138
1.02 pu
4 Mvar
MVA
27 MW
3 Mvar
14 MW
3 Mvar
14 MW
A
AMANDA69
MVA
13 Mvar
16 MW
-14 Mvar
MVA
MVA
BOB69
MVA
1.00 pu
A
A
MVA
1.01 pu
MVA
23 MW
6 Mvar
29.1 Mvar
18.2 Mvar
1.01 pu
MVA
MVA
BOB138
MVA
HANNAH69
45 MW
12 Mvar
HOMER69
4.8 Mvar
MVA
1.01 pu
WOLEN69
1.00 pu
1.01 pu
A
MVA
SAVOY138
MVA
MVA
150 MW
-2 Mvar
150 MW
-2 Mvar
A
MVA
1.02 pu
A
MVA
1.03 pu
listings of the
transient stability
models in this case
select Stability
Case Info from the
ribbon, and then
either TS Generator
Summary or TS
Case Summary
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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
gf
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Events
After a simulation, the user can view any events that
happened by going to Results, Events
Moving On
The purpose of these slides and cases are to briefly
introduce some of the key features of PowerWorld
Simulator. There is much, much more that hasnt been
covered.
Additional training information should be available
shortly. Of course we also encourage learning by trial
and error!
Keep in mind this is currently beta code. Email any
bugs/feature enhancements to weber@powerworld.com.
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