Tyres

Tyres
Perform two basic functions:
Act as a soft Cushion between
the road and the metal wheel.

Provide adequate traction (friction)

with the road surface.

Tyres
Parts
Beads two rings that are made of steel wire and encased in rubber.
They hold tyre side walls snugly against the rim.

Body Plies rubberized fabric and cords wrapped around beads.

Form carcass or body of the tyre.

Tread outer surface of the tyre that contacts the road.

Tyres
Parts
Sidewall outer part of the tyre that extends from
the bead to the tread. Marking on the sidewall
provides the information about the tyre.

Liner thin layer of rubber that is bonded to

the inside of the plies. It provides a leak proof
membrane for tubeless tyres.

Belts used to strengthen the body plies and

and stiffen the tread. They lay between the
tread and plies.

Tyres

Tyre Construction
Bias Ply Tyres
The plies run at an angle from
bead to bead.
One of the oldest design.
Does not use any belts.
Allows body of the tyre to flex easily.
Improved cushioning, hence smooth ride on rough roads.

Weakness of Bias-plies is that it reduces traction at high

speeds and increase rolling resistance.

Tyre Construction
Belted Bias tyre
Bias ply tyres with belts added to
increase tread stiffness.
Belts and plies run at different angles.
Belts do not run around the sidewalls,
they lay under the tread area only.

Provides smooth ride and good traction.

Offers some reduction in rolling resistance over a bias ply tyre.

Tyre Construction
Radial Ply tyre
Plies running straight across from
bead to bead, with stabilizer belts
directly beneath the tread.
Has a very flexible sidewall and a
stiff tread, giving it a very stable footprint.

Disadvantage is that it may produce a

harder, or harsher, ride at low speeds.

Tyre Construction

Tyre Markings

Tyres

Speed Rating

M 81
N 87
P 93
Q 100
R 106
S 112
T 118
H 130
V 149
W 168
Y 186

Load
Index

Pound Kilogra
s
ms

Load
Index

Pound Kilogra
s
ms

71

761

345

91

1356

615

72

783

355

92

1389

630

73

805

365

93

1433

650

74

827

375

94

1477

670

75

853

387

95

1521

690

76

882

400

96

1565

710

77

908

412

97

1609

730

78

937

425

98

1653

750

79

963

437

99

1709

775

80

992

450

100

1764

800

81

1019

462

101

1819

825

82

1047

475

102

1874

850

83

1074

487

103

1929

875

Tyres
Expiry Date
tyres have a shelf life of 40,000 kms
They are known to explode (tread comes apart)

Tyres

Tyres problems

Tyres problems

Tyres problems
Feathering
Improper alignment (TOE).
Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.
Hard cornering.

Cupping
Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.
Improper balancing.

One Edge
Improper alignment (CAMBER).
Worn or damaged steering or
suspension parts.

Tyre Rotation

Tyres
Tread Wear Markings

Tyres

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