BASIC PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY
Esti D. S. Soetrisno B.
Departement Anatomic Pathology Faculty of Medicine
University of Indonesia

THERE ARE TWO (2) MAJOR ASPECTS ON

ANATOMY PATHOLOGY STUDY OF DISEASE :
General

/ Foundation Of Anatomy Pathology

Organ Block / Systemic Anatomy Pathology
IN NEUROSCIENCES IT WILL INTERACT BASED ON:

NEURO HISTOLOGY (MICROANATOMY)

NEURO ANATOMY (MACROANATOMY)
NEURO CHEMISTRY
NEURO PHYSIOLOGY
NEUROLOGY / NEURO PSYCHOLOGY
NEUROPATHOLOGY

STUDYING / EXPLORING WHAT- WHEN

WHERE HOW - BY WHOM / WHAT MUST
BE CORRECTED
Its A Hard Task On Neurosciences!
Nervous system could be disturbed on
any period of life, on any
part/area/location of it, for
some/several varieties of duration
and/ or specifications intensivities
of any agents

The unique and complexity of

interaction of all part / organ
in human body must be
carefully justified what is / are
the real proccess occured in
the nervous system

BASIC PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION

OF SOME DISTURBANCES
DYS NEURO EMBRYOGENESIS

ABORTION / INTRA-UTERINE FETAL DEATH (IUFD)

ABNORMALITIES : TERATOGENIC, MONSTER, CONGENITAL ANOMALY

AGENESIS
: There is no processus (anlage) of all or
partial part
of NS
No formation of NS IUFD
APLASIA
: There is only NS Streak Formation
abortion
HYPOPLASIA : Failure to growth of all or partial part of NS
Hypotrophy (Micro Insize) Hypofunction
/ Fatal
e.g Microensephaly, Arnold Chiary Syndrome

Hyperplasia : Overgrowth parts of NS

e.g Macroensephaly, Hydrocephallus,
Function?
Hypertrophy: True Hypertrophy / Pseudo Hypertrophy

Defect On Enclosing of the Neural Tube

There is Cele Formation, or Spina Bifida Formation
(Occulta/Aperta)
e.g Meningocele, Encephalo -/ Myelo Meningocele,
Syringo -Encephalo / Myelo Meningcocele (Syringo
Myelia)

DYS HISTOGENESIS :
incorrect migration and/or maturation
differentation
ECTOPIC :
mature tissue found in abnormal places
HETEROTOPIC :
intermingled of some mature tissues in abnormal
places
HAMARTOMA :
abnormal composition of mature tissues at its normal
places
NEOPLASMA (GEN MUTATION) :
benign and malignant

DYS NEUROANATOMY
Abnormalities of anatomy / location of NS
- Dyslocation
- Reverse of Several Centre

DYS - NEUROCHEMISTRY
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

DYSFUNCTIONAL
IMPULS CONDUCT

INHIBIT : Slow Conduction Slow Movement / Analysis / etc

EXCITE : Rapid / Hyperactivity (ies)
DYS REGULATION / CONTROL : UNCONTROL MOVEMENT
PATHOLOGICAL REFLEXES

SOME CASES OF
MICROSCOPIC/MACROSCOPIC
/ABNORMALITIES
SOME

SOME

CASES WILL BE PRESENTATED AS

LABORATORIAL ACTIVITIES

INTERESTING CHANGES WILL BE

CLARIFIED IN THIS OPPORTUNITY

OLIGO DENDROGLIA
NEURON

ASTROCYTE

NEURON

MICROGLIA (PHAGOCYTE)

ATROPHY NEURON

ASTROCYTE

GEMISTOCYTE

GLIOSIS

ACTIVATED MICROGLIA

MYELINOLYSIS

CANALIS CENTRALIS

EPENDYM

PIGMENTED NEURON
( SUBSTANTIA NIGRA )

CENTRAL
CHROMATOLYSIS

ANTEROGRADE DEGENERATION

CHROMATOLYSIS
( E CAUSA POLIO VIRUS )

CYTOPLASM FLUID ACCUMULATION

MARGINATION

NISSL SUBSTANCE
NUCLEUS

NEURON
HYDROPHIC DEGENERATION
NISSL SUBSTANCE

FLUID INTRA VESICLE

NUCLEUS

INTRA
NUCLEAR
INCLUSION
( CYTOMEGALO VIRUS )

NEGRI BODY INTRACYTOPLASM (RED)

(RABIES ENCEPHALITIS)

VASCULAR
DILATATION
(HYPEREMIA)

PMN
NEUTROPHIL

NEURONOPHAGIA

HYDROCHEPALUS

TYPE :
1. COMMUNICANS
2. NON-COMMUNICAN
3. EXVACUO (COMPEN

OBSTRUCTED AQUADUCT SYLVIOUS

( BRAIN TUMOR)

ATROPHIC AND COLLAPSED

CEREBRAL CORTEX

SITES OF OBSTRUCTION
OF CSF PATHWAY

OBSTRUCTIVE
HYDROCEPHALUS
( NEOPLASM )

OBSTRUCTIVE
HYDROCEPHALUS
( INFECTION )

OBSTRUCTIVE
HYDROCEPHALUS
( GLIAL TISSUE POST VIRAL INFECTION)

HIGH VELOCITY BULLET WOUND

LOW VELOCITY BULLET WOUND

HEMORRHAGIC TRACT
(PENETRATING WOUND)

CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

(INNER NEOMEMBRANE)

EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
(FRONTO PARIETAL)

TRANSTENTORIAL
HERNIATION
(MIDBRAIN DISPLACED)

GLIOBLASTOMA
MULTIFORME
HEMORRHAGE
HERNIATION

SITES OF HERNIATION

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Head, generalized cerebral atrophy CTscan

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Brain, cerebral cortex, Alzheimer disease,
silver stain

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Brain, cerebral cortex, neuritic plaque
stained for tau protein and beta-amyloid

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Brain, substantia nigra, Lewy bodies

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Spinal cord, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (A) and normal (B)

DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Brain, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Thank
You