Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology Department of Electronics

Engineering

CLASS: BE (FINAL YEAR)

YEAR: 2016-17(ODD)
CODE: EXC701

DIVISION: B
COURSE

LOW POWER HARDWARE DESIGN

(MSP430/CORTEX-M3 BASED REAL TIME CLOCK
AND PWM DC MOTOR CONTROL AS A CASE STUDY
USING ON CHIP TIMERS AND WATCH DOG TIMERS)

GROUP NO:1

INTRODUCTION

Why low power?

Portable and mobile devices are getting popular, which have
limited power sources, e.g. battery
Energy conservation for our planet
Power generates heat low carbon

Power optimization becomes a new dimension in system design,

besides performance and cost

MSP430 provides many features for low-power operations, which

will be discussed next

TI MSP430

Ultralow-power
architecture extends
KEY
FEATURES
battery life

16-bit RISC CPU enables new applications

at a fraction of the code size
Extremely low power consumption4.2nW per instruction.
High speed- 300 ns per instruction at
3.3Mhz clk
Only 27 core instructions and seven
addressing modes

In-system programmable Flash(16KB)

permits flexible code changes and data
logging.

MSP430 LAUNCH PAD

BASIC CLOCK SYSTEM

Basic Clock Module
provides the clocks
for the MSP430
devices

 ACLK: Auxiliary clock. ACLK is divided by 1, 2, 4,

or 8 and is
software selectable for individual
peripheral modules.
MCLK: Master clock. MCLK is divided by 1, 2, 4,
or 8 and is used by the CPU and system.
SMCLK: Sub-main clock. SMCLK is divided by 1,
2, 4, or 8 and is software selectable for
individual peripheral modules.

WATCHDOG TIMER
WDT module performs a
controlled system restart
after a software problem
occurs
Can serve as an
interval timer
(generates interrupts)
WDT Control register
is password protected
Note: Powers-up
active

APPLICATIONS OF WATCHDOG TIMER

Mobile display

NASAs pathfinder on MARS

LCD

Adj. Vol. Regul.

RS232

RS232
controller

Analog I/O

2-axes joystick

LEDs
Thermistor

Switches

Keypad

AN MSP430-BASED

10

Automatic fire detection with water sprinkler system

using MSP430

MSP430 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Medical
Instruments
Blood pressure
meter
Blood sugar meter
Breath
measurement

Utility Metering
Gas Meter
Water Meter
Heat Volume Counter
Electricity Meter
Meter reading system
(RF)

Misc
Smart card reader
Taxi meter
Smart Batteries

Security
Glass break sensors
Door control
Smoke/fire/gas
detectors

Home
environment
Air conditioning
Control unit
Thermostat
Boiler control
Shutter control
Irrigation system
Washing
machine

MSP 430 MODULAR ARCHITECTURE

CPU Introduction

RISC architecture with 27 instructions and 7 addressing

modes.
Orthogonal architecture with every instruction usable with
every addressing mode.
Full register access including program counter, status
registers, and stack pointer.
Single-cycle register operations.
Large 16-bit register file reduces fetches to memory.
16-bit address bus allows direct access and branching
throughout entire memory range.
16-bit data bus allows direct manipulation of word-wide
arguments.
Constant generator provides six most used immediate
values and reduces code size.

MSP430 16-bit RISC

Large 16-bit register file

eliminates single
accumulator bottleneck
High-bandwidth 16-bit data
and address bus with no
paging
RISC architecture with 27
instructions and 7
addressing modes
Single-cycle register
operations with full-access
Direct memory-memory
transfer designed for
modern programming

CPU Registers

CISC / RISC INSTRUCTION SET

CPE/EE 421/521 MICROCOMPUTERS

27 CORE RISC INSTRUCTIONS

CPE/EE 421/521 MICROCOMPUTERS

18

3 INSTRUCTION FORMATS

CPE/EE 421/521 MICROCOMPUTERS

19

Interrupt
Are events applied to the application program that force a detour in
program flow;
Cause CPU subprogram execution (ISR);
When Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) ends, the program flow returns
to the previous state.
There are three classes of interrupts:
Reset.
Interrupts not maskable by GIE which cannot be disabled by the
general interrupt enable bit (GIE), but are enabled by individual
interrupt enable bits (NMIIE, ACCVIE, OFIE). Used for high priority
events.
Interrupts maskable by GIE where peripherals with interrupt
capability or the watchdog timer overflow in interval timer mode,
etc. Can be switched off by software.

Interrupt vector

11

CORTEX M3
Cortex R processors are used in the embedded applications
where mixed signal processing is possible.
There are various places where this mixed signal processing is
required like various household appliances such as refrigerator
control, freezers, washing machine etc., consumer products,
medical instrumentation etc.
The various processors in the series of Cortex M are M0, M0+,
M3 M4 and M. Cortex M0 has the lowest area and cost.
It consumes lowest energy and hence most energy efficient.
The ARM Cortex M0+ processor is suitable for applications like
touchscreen controller and power management.

PROJECT DESIGN
Implementation of UART serial communication technique with
microcontroller.
EdSim51 have developed a number of browser-based simulations to take
the student through some of the basic microcontroller/microprocessor
concepts. These concepts are universal; they are not specific to one device
such as the 8051. In fact, you will see the simulations work on a totally
fictitious microcontroller.
The need for providing communication interfaces arises due to the following
reasons. The embedded system needs to sends data to a host. The host will
analyze the data through a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
The embedded system may need to communicate with another
embedded
system to transmit or receive data. Providing a standard communication
interface is preferable rather than providing a proprietary interface.
A number of embedded systems may need to be networked to share a
data. Networked to share data. Network interfaces needs to be provided in
such case.

SOFTWARE SIMULATION

Interfacing diagram from Edsim for

UART

PROGRAM OF DC MOTOR USING EDSIM51

SIMULATOR
MOV TMOD, #50H
setDirection:
finish:
SETB TR1
MOV DPL, #LOW(LEDcodes)

PUSH ACC
PUSH 20H
CLR A
MOV 20H, #0

MOV DPH, #HIGH(LEDcodes)

again:
CALL setDirection
MOV A, TL1
CJNE A, #10, skip
CALL clearTimer
skip:
MOVC A, @A+DPTR

POP ACC
RET

MOV C, P2.0
CLR P3.4
CLR P3.3

POP 20H

MOV ACC.0, C
MOV C, F0
MOV 0, C
CJNE A, 20H, changeDir
JMP finish
changeDir:
CLR P3.0
CLR P3.1
CALL clearTimer
MOV C, P2.0

MOV C, F0
MOV F0, C

clearTimer:
CLR A
CLR TR1
MOV TL1, #0
SETB TR1
RET

DC Motor rotating in Clockwise direction.

DC Motor rotating in Anticlockwise direction.

CONCLUSION
We studied the properties of low power design and techniques to exploit
them on the architecture of the system.

We focused on: minimizing capacitance, avoiding unnecessary and

wasteful activity, and reducing voltage and frequency.

The student will learn that, while in real time these delays are not
noticeable, to the microcontroller these operations take quite some time.

Portable products are being used increasingly.

Because these systems are battery powered, reducing power
consumption is vital.

THANK-YOU