Introduction

Dr Pankaj maheria

 Definition
Cell division
Male reproductive system
Spematogenesis

BOOKS
Human embryology I.B. Singh & VISHRAM SINGH
Essentials of human embryology - Dr A.K.Datta

Defination
Reproduction
Gametes
Gonads
Male testes , Mature male gametes spermatozoa
Female ovaries , Mature female
gametes ova

Fertilization
Zygote

Spermatozoon + Ova

ONTOGENY
Its a complete life cycle of an organism.

Prenatal
Postnatal
Ageing
Death

Phylogeny
Ascending order of vertebrate phylogeny
Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds - Mammals
Mammal - Prototheria Metatheria - Eutheria
Man- Homosapien - Placental mammal- Primates

 Ontogeny repeats phylogeny

Phylogeny
Mammals
Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fishes

Division of mammals
Prototheria

Metatheria
n

Eutherian

Terminology
Prenatal period 1st week to child birth
Embryonic period 1st to 8th weekembryo
Foetal period 9th
week to full term
fetus

Relative Size of Human Conceptus

Terminology cont..
Postnatal period Birth to 25 years

Infancy -- up to 1 year after birth

Neonatal period first 4 weeks
Childhood 2 to 12 years
Puberty 12 to 16 years
Adolescence 12 to 17 years
Adult 18 to 25 years

Terminology cont..
Congenital anomaly Abnormal
change in normal developmental
process
Teratology

Importance of embryology

Helps to understand -- Zygote

Newborn

Explains - Facts of gross anatomy

Help in diagnosis of - congenital anomalies and factors
responsible
To understand -- causes and treatment of infertility-Gametogenesis, Fertilization, Implantation

Zygote (unicellular)
organism

multicellular

Development
Growth--- increase in cell mass
Increase in number of cells Multiplicative
type-1 - Nerve cells
type-2-- Epidermis,RBC
type-3--- Liver cells
Increase in intercellular substance
-Accreationary
Increase in size of cell--- Auxetic e.g.
Oocyte,Neurons

Increase in number

Increase in size

Differentiation
Totipotent-- fully potent cells
Plastic phase -- pluripotent cells
Chemo diff.-- organisers
Histo diff.-- anatomical charteristics
Organogenesis -- organ formation

Totipotent & pluripotent

Chemo-differentiation
Organizers
Primitive streak
Notochord
Neural tube

Histo - differentiation

Organogensis

Functional differentiation

Male Reproductive System

Components
Scrotum
Testes
Duct system
Penis
Accessory glands

Scrotum
Skin
Dartos muscle (smooth)
Septum
Cremaster muscle
(skeletal)

Testis

 5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, 10

--15 gm wt.
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea (capsule)
Septa
250-300 lobules
Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis

Seminiferous tubule

Seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia
1 spermatocyte
2 spermatocyte
Spermatid
Sertoli cells

Duct system

Pathway of spermatozoa
Epididymis
Ductus deferens (Vas
deferens)
Ejaculatory duct

Accessary sex glands

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

Cell division :Mitosis

Interphase
Stages :

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Cell division :Meiosis

First meiotic division
Stages :
Prophase

Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Seconf meiotic division

Spermatogenesis

 Spermatogonia (Type A)
Spermatogonia (Type B)
Primary spermatocytes
( 44 + X +Y )
Secondary spermatocycte
Spermatid

Spermiogenesis
Spermatid

Spermatozoon

Nucleus

Head

Golgi apparatus

Acrosomal cap

One centrosome

Two in no
a. One lies in neck
and forms axial
filament
b. Other forms
annulus at the
distal end of
middle piece.

Mitochondria

Spirally around the

axial filament b/w
the neck and
annulus to form the
middle piece; the
remaining axial

Structure of a mature spermatozoon

Maturation and capacitation of

spermatozoa
Seminiferous tubules immature, non-motile and
incapable of fertilizing an ovum
Epididymis stored and undergo maturation . Some
motility
Fully motile after ehaculation when mixed with
secrtion
Capacitation
Acrosome reaction
Zona reaction

Difference between Spermatogenesis &

Spermiognesi

Thanks.