Math Lab 2

Introduction to MATLAB
Basic Graphics
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Basic Graphics - 2
Section Outline
2-D plotting
Graph Annotation
Subplots & Alternative Axes
3-D plotting
Specialized plotting routines
Patches & Images
Saving & Exporting Figures
Introduction to Handle Graphics
Ref: Color, Linestyle, Marker options

Special characters using LaTeX
Copyright
1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.
Basic Graphics - 3
2-D Plotting
Specify x-data and/or y-data
Specify color, line style and marker symbol
(Default values used if clmnot specified)
Syntax:
single line:
Plotting
plot(xdata, ydata,
'color_linestyle_marker')
Plotting
lines:x2,
plot(x1,multiple
y1, 'clm1',
y2, 'clm2', ...)
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Basic Graphics - 4
2-D Plotting - example

Create a Blue Sine Wave
xx == 0:.1:2*pi;
0:.1:2*pi;
yy == sin(x);
sin(x);
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y)
plot_2d
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Basic Graphics - 5
Adding a Grid
GRID ON creates a grid

on the current figure
GRID OFF turns off the

grid from the current
figure
GRID toggles the grid

state
grid on
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Basic Graphics - 6
Adding additional plots to a figure
HOLD ON holds the

current plot
HOLD OFF releases

hold on current plot
HOLD toggles the hold

state
xx == 0:.1:2*pi;
0:.1:2*pi;
yy == sin(x);
sin(x);
plot(x,y,'b')
plot(x,y,'b')
grid
grid on
on
hold
hold on
on
plot(x,exp(-x),'r:*')
plot(x,exp(-x),'r:*')
addgraph
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Basic Graphics - 7
Controlling viewing area
ZOOM ON allows user

to select viewing area
ZOOM OFF prevents

zooming operations
ZOOM toggles the

zoom state
AXIS sets axis range
[xmin xmax ymin ymax]

axis([0
axis([0 2*pi
2*pi 00 1])
1])
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Basic Graphics - 8
Graph Annotation
LEGEND
TITLE
TEXT
or
GTEXT
YLABEL
XLABEL
annotation
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Basic Graphics - 9
Plot Editor
Enable Plotting Editing

Right click (Ctrl-LFT):
on graphics objects
to modify properties
Add Text
Add Arrow
Add Line
Zoom In
Zoom Out
Rotate 3D
[Edit] -> Copy Figure / Options

plotedit
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Basic Graphics - 10
Using LaTeX in Graph Annotations

Font Type (applies inside {} or until changed):
\fontname{ } AND \fontsize{ }

Appearance (applies inside {} or until removed):
\bf
boldface
\it OR \sl
italics OR slanted
\rm
remove text formatting (normal)
Subscript _ or superscript ^:
Applies to next character or {text in curly braces}
Greek letters and Symbols (prefix with \):
Selected symbols, e.g. '\pi' =
latex_examp
Ref: Special characters using LaTeX
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Basic Graphics - 11
Exercise: 2-D Plotting

Create the following graph:
fontsize (14)
sin(10t)
cos(10t)
Courier New + Bold

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Basic Graphics - 12
Solution: 2-D Plotting

tt == 0:0.01:0.5;
0:0.01:0.5;
plot(t,sin(10*pi*t),'g-*',
plot(t,sin(10*pi*t),'g-*', ...
...
t,cos(10*pi*t),'k:o')
t,cos(10*pi*t),'k:o')
title(['\fontsize{14}In-Phase
title(['\fontsize{14}In-Phase ({\itsolid})',
({\itsolid})', ...
...
'and
'and Quadrature
Quadrature ({\itdotted})
({\itdotted}) Signals'])
Signals'])
xlabel('\fontname{Courier
New}\bfTime
xlabel('\fontname{Courier New}\bfTime (\mus)')
(\mus)')
ylabel('{\it''Normalized''}
ylabel('{\it''Normalized''} Signals');
Signals');
text(0.2,
text(0.2, cos(2*pi)+0.1,
cos(2*pi)+0.1,
'\leftarrow----\rightarrow');
'\leftarrow----\rightarrow');
text(0.175,
text(0.175, cos(2*pi)+0.2,
cos(2*pi)+0.2, '^\pi/_2
'^\pi/_2 phase
phase lag');
lag');
axis([0
0.5
-1.5
1.5]);
axis([0 0.5 -1.5 1.5]);
%% NOTE:
NOTE: Could
Could have
have also
also used
used GTEXT
GTEXT or
or PLOTEDIT:
PLOTEDIT:
%% =============================================
=============================================
%% gtext('\leftarrow----\rightarrow');
gtext('\leftarrow----\rightarrow');
%% gtext('^\pi/_2
gtext('^\pi/_2 phase
phase lag');
lag');
plot2d_soln
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Basic Graphics - 13
Subplots
SUBPLOT- display multiple axes in the same figure window
subplot(#rows, #cols, index)
subplot(2,2,1);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(1:10)
plot(1:10)
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,2)
xx == 0:.1:2*pi;
0:.1:2*pi;
plot(x,sin(x))
plot(x,sin(x))
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,3)
xx == 0:.1:2*pi;
0:.1:2*pi;
plot(x,exp(-x),r)
plot(x,exp(-x),r)
subplotex
subplot(2,2,4)
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(peaks)
plot(peaks)
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Basic Graphics - 14
Alternative Scales for Axes
LOGLOG
Both axes
logarithmic
SEMILOGY
log Y
linear X
SEMILOGX
log X
linear Y
PLOTYY
2 sets of
linear axes
other_axes
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Basic Graphics - 15
3-D Line Plotting

plot3(xdata, ydata, zdata, 'clm', ...)
zz == 0:0.1:40;
0:0.1:40;
xx == cos(z);
cos(z);
yy == sin(z);
sin(z);
plot3(x,y,z)
plot3(x,y,z)
plot_3d
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Basic Graphics - 16
3-D Surface Plotting
surf_3d
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Basic Graphics - 17
Exercise: 3-D Plotting
Data from a water jet experiment suggests the

following non-linear model for the 2-D stress in
the cantilever beams horizontal plane.
= e-x[sin(x)*cos(y)]
where: = localized planar stress [MPa]

x = distance from end of beam [10-1m]
y = distance from centerline of beam [10-1m]
For the particular setup used:
(x = {0 to 6}, y = {-3 to 3}, = = = 1, = -0.2)
Plot the resulting stress distribution
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Basic Graphics - 18
Solution: 3-D Plotting

BB == -0.2;
-0.2;
xx == 0:0.1:2*pi;
0:0.1:2*pi;
yy == -pi/2:0.1:pi/2;
-pi/2:0.1:pi/2;
[x,y]
[x,y] == meshgrid(x,y);
meshgrid(x,y);
zz == exp(B*x).*sin(x).*cos(y);
exp(B*x).*sin(x).*cos(y);
surf(x,y,z)
surf(x,y,z)
plot3d_soln
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Basic Graphics - 19
Specialized Plotting Routines
spec_plots
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Basic Graphics - 20
Specialized Plotting Routines (2)
spec_plots2
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Images
Basic Graphics - 21
Reduced Memory Requirements:

Images represented as UINT8 - 1 byte
aa == magic(4)
magic(4)
aa ==
Use Row 2
of colormap
for pixel (1,2)
16
16 22 33 13
13
55 11
11 10
10 88
99 77 66 12
12
44 14
14 15
15 11
image(a);
image(a);
map
map == hsv(16)
hsv(16)
map
map ==
1.0000
1.0000
00
1.0000
1.0000 0.3750
0.3750
1.0000
1.0000 0.7500
0.7500
00
00 Row 2
00 .....
.....
colormap(map)
colormap(map)
imagex
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Basic Graphics - 22
Example: Images
load
load cape
cape
image(X)
image(X)
colormap(map)
colormap(map)
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Basic Graphics - 23
Saving Figures
2 files created:
.m - text file
.mat - binary data file.
plot3d_soln
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Basic Graphics - 24
Printing Figures
using the Dialog Box:

File Menu / Print...
>>printdlg
from Command Line:
print -devicetype -options

(Switches are optional)
Controlling Page Layout:

File Menu / Page Position
>>pagedlg
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Basic Graphics - 25
Exporting Figures
Printing image to a file:
Print Dialog Box: (File / Print...)

Command Line:
>>printdlg
print -devicetype -options filename

(Switches are optional)
Copying to Clipboard:
Options: (File / Preferences)

Copying: (Edit / Copy Figure)
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Basic Graphics - 26
Introduction to Handle Graphics
Graphics in MATLAB consist of objects
Objects are arranged in terms of a set hierarchy
Every graphics objects has a unique handle and

a set of properties which define its appearance.
Root (Screen)
Figure
Uicontrol
Image
Line
Axes
Patch
Surface
Uimenu
Text
Light
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Basic Graphics - 27
Hierarchy of Graphics Objects
Root
object
Figure
object
UIMenu
objects
UIControl
objects
Axes object
Surface
object
Line
objects
Text
objects
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Basic Graphics - 28
Obtaining an Objects Handle

1. Upon Creation
h_line = plot(x_data, y_data, ...)
2. Utility Functions
0 - root object handle
gcf - current figure handle
gca - current axis handle
gco - current object handle
3. FINDOBJ
h_obj = findobj(h_parent,
What is the current object?

Last object created
OR
Last object clicked
'Property', 'Value', ...)

Default = 0 (root object)
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Basic Graphics - 29
Deleting Objects - DELETE

delete(h_object)
addgraph
hh == findobj('Color',
findobj('Color', [0
[0 00 1])
1])
delete(h)
delete(h)
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Basic Graphics - 30
Modifying Object Properties

Using GET & SET
Obtaining a list of current properties:

get(h_object)
Obtaining a list of settable properties:

set(h_object)
Modifying an objects properties:

set(h_object, 'PropertyName',
'New_Value', ...)
Ref: HELPDESK - Handle Graphics Objects:

\help\techdoc\infotool\hgprop\doc_frame.html
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Basic Graphics - 31

Using the Property Editor
Object Browser:
Hierarchical list of
graphics objects
Property / Value Fields:

Selected property &
current value (modify here)
Property List:
List of properties &
current values for
selected object
propedit
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Basic Graphics - 32

Using the RIGHT CLICK
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Basic Graphics - 33
Working with Defaults - setting
Most properties have pre-defined 'factory' values

(Used whenever property values are not specified.)
You can define your own 'default' values to be used

for creating new objects.
(Put default settings in startup.m to apply to whole session)
Syntax:
set(ancestor,'Default<Object><Property>',<Property_Val>)
Use root object (0) to apply to all new
objects
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Basic Graphics - 34
Example: Working with Defaults

Set the Default Surface EdgeColor to Blue & create new
surface.
set(0,
set(0, 'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor',
'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor', 'b')
'b')
h=surf(peaks(15));
h=surf(peaks(15));
Set the EdgeColor to Green

set(h,
set(h, 'EdgeColor',
'EdgeColor', 'g')
'g')
Reset back to Default Value

set(h,
set(h, 'EdgeColor',
'EdgeColor', 'default')
'default')
specifies Default value
Reset back to Factory Value

set(h,
set(h, 'EdgeColor',
'EdgeColor', 'factory')
'factory')
defaults
specifies Factory value

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Basic Graphics - 35
Working with Defaults - removing

Return Default Property Value to Factory Setting:
OR
set(gcf,
set(gcf, 'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor',
'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor', 'factory')
'factory')
set(gcf,
set(gcf, 'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor',
'DefaultSurfaceEdgeColor', 'remove')
'remove')
Create a new surface:

hh == surf(peaks(15));
surf(peaks(15));
defaults
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Introduction to MATLAB

Ref: Color, Linestyle, Marker options

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Ref: Color, Linestyle, Marker options

y2, 'clm2', ...)

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

2-D Plotting - example

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

GRID ON creates a grid

GRID OFF turns off the

GRID toggles the grid

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Adding additional plots to a figure

HOLD ON holds the

HOLD OFF releases

HOLD toggles the hold

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Controlling viewing area

ZOOM ON allows user

ZOOM OFF prevents

ZOOM toggles the

AXIS sets axis range

[xmin xmax ymin ymax]

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Enable Plotting Editing

[Edit] -> Copy Figure / Options

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Using LaTeX in Graph Annotations

\fontname{ } AND \fontsize{ }

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Exercise: 2-D Plotting

Courier New + Bold

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Solution: 2-D Plotting

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Alternative Scales for Axes

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

3-D Line Plotting

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

3-D Surface Plotting

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Exercise: 3-D Plotting

Data from a water jet experiment suggests the

where: = localized planar stress [MPa]

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Solution: 3-D Plotting

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Specialized Plotting Routines

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Specialized Plotting Routines (2)

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Reduced Memory Requirements:

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

using the Dialog Box:

from Command Line:

print -devicetype -options

Controlling Page Layout:

1984 - 1998 by The MathWorks, Inc.

Printing image to a file: