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Humans have kept animals as companions and for agricultural purposes for thousands of years. Early records from 4000-3000 BC in China document the use of herbs to treat both humans and animals. Veterinary medicine has evolved significantly over time, from early accounts of animal treatment in Mesopotamia in 300 BC to the establishment of the first veterinary school in Lyon, France in 1762. The development of microscopy in the 1800s aided research into diseases affecting both humans and animals. The 20th century brought many advances to veterinary medicine, including the founding of organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1863.
Humans have kept animals as companions and for agricultural purposes for thousands of years. Early records from 4000-3000 BC in China document the use of herbs to treat both humans and animals. Veterinary medicine has evolved significantly over time, from early accounts of animal treatment in Mesopotamia in 300 BC to the establishment of the first veterinary school in Lyon, France in 1762. The development of microscopy in the 1800s aided research into diseases affecting both humans and animals. The 20th century brought many advances to veterinary medicine, including the founding of organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1863.
Humans have kept animals as companions and for agricultural purposes for thousands of years. Early records from 4000-3000 BC in China document the use of herbs to treat both humans and animals. Veterinary medicine has evolved significantly over time, from early accounts of animal treatment in Mesopotamia in 300 BC to the establishment of the first veterinary school in Lyon, France in 1762. The development of microscopy in the 1800s aided research into diseases affecting both humans and animals. The 20th century brought many advances to veterinary medicine, including the founding of organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association in 1863.
in ancient times they were considered messengers from the gods.
Chinese records dating to 4000-3000BC
record the use of herbs in both humans and animals.
Egyptian hieroglyphics (3500 BC) show
many types of domesticated animals.
However, the oldest account dealing
with the healing of animals dates back to Mesopotamia in about 300 BC !
The first person to be considered a
veterinarian is Urlagaldinna
Alcmaeon, a Greek scientist (500 BC)
was the first person known to dissect animals for scientific purposes.
Records also show that animal
hospitals were established in India during the reign of King Ashoka (273232 BC)
Aristotle (384-322 BC) was
instrumental in the development of the scientific classification of animals that we now know as taxonomy.
A Roman scholar, Columella, from the
first Century AD wrote 12 volumes on the topic of animal care and breeding. Columella was the first person to record and use the term veterinarius for a person who is a caretaker of pigs, sheep and cattle.
The Middle Ages produced many
references to animal plagues and the devastation caused to the farmers.
During this time animal medicine was
approached from the human medicine aspect.
In 1762, the first veterinary school in
the world was established by Claude Bourgelat in Lyons, France!!
After the French school opened many
others followed during the 1770s Sweden, Germany, Denmark and Austria.
1844 saw the founding of the Royal
College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) in Great Britain.
The first veterinary college in the
United States was established until 1879.
Until the 1770s the veterinary
profession consisted of self-declared practitioners, farriers, blacksmiths, herdsmen and local witch doctors.
People also believed that animals were
put on earth to serve humans therefore animals could not feel pain the way humans could.
However, a Scotsman, John Hunter
changed the face of animal medicine. He practiced surgery and dissection.
He contributed more written work on
veterinary medicine than anyone had in the previous 125 years!
Animal Care in the New World
European cattle were brought to Florida in
1520 by Ponce de Leon. However, animals did not arrive in the Virginia colonies until 1611. There are references to an expert cow doctor practicing in Virginia as early as 1625
Records show that dogs were present
on the Mayflower. Some scholars suspect that goats and chickens were also on board. However there were no cattle or horses present.
The larger animals were not brought to
the northern colonies until 1620.
With the advent of the microscope in the
1800s research exploded in the identification of disease in both humans and animals.
Knowledge was spread through scholarly
journals and travel by the elite to Europe. Gentlemen farmers tried the new products and methods discovered during this time period.
British surgeon, turned veterinarian,
George Dadd is considered the author of the first two classics in American veterinary literature The Modern Horse Doctor (1854) and The American Cattle Doctor (1851).
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
was founded by a Royal Charter in 1844.
The school required 5 years of study:
Two years of veterinary sciences to
understand healthy animals, anatomy, physiology Three years of clinical skills such as examinations and diagnosis
The American Veterinary Medical
Association was founded in 1863.
The U.S. Livestock Sanitary Association
(now the U.S. Animal Health Association) was established in 1897.
The first United States veterinary school
was established in 1879 at Iowa State University. The program was graduate study course.
The 20th century saw many advances in
veterinary medicine. The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service began to employ veterinary officers. Duties included control and eradication of major epidemic farm animal diseases, animal welfare, education, etc.
After World War I, horses were used
less for farm work due to the advent of automated agriculture.
Many veterinarians began to focus their
practice on dogs and cats. Until this period, small animals had been a minor part in veterinary medicine.
Over the next 30 years, veterinary medicine
grew quickly in the United States soon reaching equal status with the medical community.
Note: In 1947, the Association for Women
Veterinarians was founded by Mary Knight Dunlap in the United States. At that time, the U.S. had about 120 women veterinarians, mostly around New York City and East Lansing, Michigan.
Information taken from
www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/VetHistory/vet history.htm Information Resources on Veterinary History at the national Agricultural Library AWIC Resource Series No. 29 February 2005