Question 3.

COL VM
As Coy Cdr dply at Pt 4561, What are the major

factors that will affect time reqmt for prep of your coy defs in
mtns ?
Answer 3.

(07 Marks)

(a)

Terrain/soil conditions, weather and altitude of the area.

(b)

Availability of local resources.

(c) Conditions of roads and tracks leading unto defended

posts/localities and distance from road-head.
(d)

Availability of transport (mechanical, animal and porter).

(e)

Availability of additional labour.

(f)

Extent of enemy interference.

(g)
Physical fitness
digging/constr
eqpt.

of

troops

and

the

availability

of

COL VM
Question 4.
What tasks can be given to Protective Patrols dply
in your coy def loc ?
(05 Marks)
Answer 4.
(a)

Deny information to enemy patrols.

(b)

Dominate no-mans land.

(c)

Provide early warning of any enemy approaching.

(d)
Cover dead ground both in front and between defended
localities and areas.
(e)
Establish observation over minefields
obstacles which cannot be covered by observed fire.

and

other

(f)
Protect the flanks and maintain contact with flanking
defences.
(g)

Assist in the withdrawal of forward/protective elements.

(1
mk for any 5 pts).

Question 5.

COL MSP
What measures can be adopted at Coy level to hide

the strength and layout of defs so that en can be surprised ?

Answer 5.
(06 Marks)
(a)

Domination of ground between the opposing forces.

(b)
Location, concealment and camouflage of headquarters
and
observation posts.
(c)
Rigid control of traffic and movement within the
defended sector.
(d)

Good track discipline.

(e)

Concealed cooking arrangement.

(f)
Use of temporary and alternative positions by all arms
particularly artillery.
(g)
Careful consideration of the problem of radio silence and
radio deception, the latter as part of the over-all deception plan.

Questions Not Related To Above Narratives

COL MSP
Question 6.
A series of incidents in your bn AOR have heated up
the LC. An intrep indicates possibility of a Nark BAT having arr in
Answer
the area6. opposite your coy AOR with the intention of raiding a
post
/ ambush
your
ptls/adm
parties.
coy cdr posts.
what actions will
(a)
Depict str
greater
than
dply at As
vulnerable
you(b)
take
to neutralise
threat? drill. (09 Marks)
Ensure
prac of this
Rft/ reaction
(c) Show visible sign of prep; clearing fd of fire repairing
fence.
(d) Ensure dogs available.
(e) Advice coy to notice any change in en activities/pattern of
behavior.
(f) Beef up str from Adm base.
(g) Keep Ghatak/other tps ready to retaliate across on en post
the same ni.
(h) Do not disturb/compromise counter infilt drills against Trts
infilt.
(j)

Vary timing, route and loc of ptls/ambush. Do not let

routine set in.

(k)
(l)
(m)

Ensure optimum strength of the ptls.

Proper briefing and rehearsals before mov.
Tac mov and dply incl AT.

COL RG
Mobile def is conducted over a selected area of

Question 7.

considerable depth within which the en is defeated by mvre and

Answer 7.
fire. List out the conditions suitable for mobile def ?
(a)
Nuclear threat.
(07 Marks)
(b)
Availability of strong mobile reserve for counter
attack.
(c)

Defenders mobility is at par or more than attackers.

(d)

Frontage assigned to defending force exceeds its

capability to establish effective positional defence.

(e)
over the

The attackers has considerable numerical superiority

defender.

(f)

Ground and mission permit defence to be organized

and fought in
(g)

depth.
Sufficient time is not available for organisation and

preparation of
(h)

defence.

Traffic ability of ground permits mobile operations.

Question 8.

COL
What is a force multiplier? What in your opinion
are RG
the

force multipliers at Coy / Bn level in mtns?

(07
Answer 8.
A force multiplier is that element or technology,
Marks) resource or attribute peculiar to the force that enhances
human
the combat potential of a force manifold. It is any pers, sys, eqpt
or process which exponentially increases the capability or
effectiveness of existing mil sys. It enables gaining ascendancy
over numerically superior forces.

Morale / Motivation.

Leadership, plg and trg.

Mobility physical and mental.

Auto wpns.

Foolproof comns.

PNVDs, BFSRs, if allotted. Sensors (svl sys).

Well laid out obsts and mine fds.

Vibrant lgs back up adequate amn, rations and water.

Ghataks.

Arty guns in direct firing role incl AD guns.

COL AKP

Question 9.
Trn in Mtns and HAAs permits infilt and the Chandal tactics of
Answer
9.
launching attacks along with infiltrating colns is well known. As Coy Cdrs what
actions will you take on detection of an infiltrating coln in your area ?
(a) Engage the infilt force with air, artillery/mors and other long range weapons as
(08 Marks)
the force is most vulnerable during move/landing.
(b) Detach a small patrol to shadow the infilt force and continue to provide
information.
(c) Inform all troops in the area about the infilt forces and it progress.
(d) Lightly equipped quick reaction forces of upto a platoon strength should move to
pre-selected locations to disrupt the move of the infilt force and where possible,
cut him off from his source of maintenance.
(e) In case of infilt by helicopters, the enemy should preferably be intercepted at
the
landing or hovering area where it will be must vulnerable. Failing which, the
enemy
should be intercepted during his move to the objective.

(f) Should the enemy manage to reach the objective and occupy positions in the
rear,
attempts should be made to isolate him, rather than evicting him immediately.
The
destruction of such forces should be planned at the level of the formation
controlling
the operation.
(g) All effort should be made not to allow the infilt force to link-up with the main
thrust and thus deny him any logistics support.
(h) Lifting of troops from the main defences to prevent infilt or to cause attrition to
the

Question 10. (Ref Appx P)

COL AKP

(a)
Sit
At 2100h, D plus 1, en launched an attack on PP loc at
Eastern tip of
Pt 3571 (GR 886184). En attack beaten back. PP suffered one dead
and one injured. However PP was not able to return back to Pt 3571 due to en
presence
and interference. It was then asked to return to Pt 3817.
(07
Marks)
(b)

Reqmt

(i)
As Coy Cdr of PP loc at Eastern tip how would you conduct a safe
withdrawal of your PP?
(04 Marks)
(ii)
How would you ensure passage through minefd?
(03 Marks )
Answer 10.
(a)

Actions by PP Cdr

(i)

giving

Warn all members of ptl about impending withdrawal time, route to

be taken and RV.
(ii)
Info all concerned incl Bn HQ, Pt 4561 and Pt 3817 coys about time,
route and RV for withdrawal.
(iii)
Wk out a fire plan for withdrawal to extricate own tps without
indication of abandoning the posn. Bn HQ be requested to assist in coord
arty fire.
(iv)
Send a small party earlier for protection and manning of RV.
(v)
Withdrawal should be on the lines ni withdrawal. Maint normal
activity till last.
(vi)
Depending on en activities around, withdrawal up to RV will have to
be conducted in smaller gps.
(vii)
Info Pt 3817 coy about tentative time to reach the minefd safe lane
through which passage is intended.

(b)

Passage Through Minefd.

(i)

On reaching in front of the loc through which passage of

ptl is intended, est contact on radio and through
visual means to ascertain identity.
(ii) Pl loc through which passage is planned would be at stand
to.
(iii) Ptl to take cover and ptl ldr with two men goes fwd and est
contact with Pl Cdr of the loc.
(iv) Ptl passes through the Inf safe lane. Once last pers has
crossed, minefd lane is closed.
(c)
Info Bn Cdr about safe withdrawal and move to Pt 3571 loc
along a safe route.
(d)
Rear Party to withdraw on its own and marry up with rest of the
ptl at the given RV or near minefd lane.
()

(1/2 mk for all pts).

COL DPKS
Question 15.

In the mtns / HAAs the Ops will generally be fought to gain control of

key or dominating terrain. The aim of the offensive will be to capture objectives vital
for the progress of own operations and jeopardise the conduct of a successful
defensive battle by the enemy. Enumerate at least ten aspects to improve Mob at
Answer 15.
various levels.
(10 Marks)
(a)
Mental mob of commanders at all levels.
(b)

Well trained, fully acclimatised and physically fit troops.

(c)

Light clothing, eqpt and wpns.

(d) Use of specialist troops such as commandos and selected infantry

personnel trained in rock-craft/ice-craft.
(e)
Employment
mobiles/scooters.

of

special

mobility

equipment

such

as

snow-

(f)
Availability of diverse means of transportation, to include air, mechanical
transport, animal transport and porters.
(g)
zones.

Early/Speedy development of roads and tracks, and helipads/dropping

(h)
An efficient traffic control plan to include road clearance org including
recovery plan.
(j)

Good and reliable means of signal communications.

(k)

Specialized training like skiing, gains added importance.

(l)

Innovations and improvisations.

Question 16.

COL VCK

Small Team Operations and minor tactics at platoon and section

level, with particular emphasis on fire and movement, will be the battle winning
factor at unit and lower levels. What are the attributes needed for conduct of
successful Small Team Operations in battle?

(05 Marks)

Answer 16.
(a)

Initiative, aggressive spirit and killer instinct amongst junior leaders.

(b)

Motivation and high morale.

(c)

Physical fitness and acclimatisation.

(d)

Good field craft, battle craft, ice-craft/rock-craft battle drill and battle

procedures.
(e)

Orientation to close quarter battle.

Question 17.

COL
VCK
Multi directional attacks in mountains, require meticulous
planning,

preparation and coordination, as also detailed understanding of the technique of

assault. What are the advantages of multi direction attack in mountains?
(07 Marks)
Answer 17.
(a) Can tackle all/majority of posts simultaneously, thereby speeding up the
operations. The number of phases and passing-though of troops is reduced.
(b)
Attacking troops can converge towards the tactically important ground at
the earliest as the enemy defences would be tackled from a number of
directions.
(c) Surprise can be achieved to a large extent, thus precluding enemy
readjustments and concentration of fire.
(d) The objective can be effectively cut-off from different directions. The
enemy is thus, isolated and enveloped and the movement of reinforcements can
be delayed, if not prevented.

(e)
The defenders decision making process is delayed. Simultaneous attacks
from different directions will lead to confusion and isolation and will
undermine
his morale.
(f)
Counter-attacks by the enemy will be difficult to mount and will have less
chances of success.
(g)

Enables the attacker to exploit fleeting opportunities.

(h)
Success is gained with minimum of casualties, as the enemy is unable to
readjust and concentrate resources at the point of decision.
(1 mk for any 7 pts).

COL VG
Question 18.

What do you understand by the following terminologies :-

(a)

GRI and GTI.

(b)

Defended Area, Locality and Post.

(10 Marks)

(5 Marks)
(5 Marks)

Answer 18.
(a)

GRI and GTI.

(i)

GRI.

A piece of ground relatively higher than the surrounding

areas, the loss of which will have a corresponding effect on the

defences

below the divisional level. The GRI is nominated by the next

higher commander.

It is applicable to the plains, semi desert and desert

sectors where the

domination of terrain features by obsn and fire is

astride limited roads and tracks and other
towards furtherance of enemys
(ii)

GTI.

outweighed by ground
important features which lend

operation.

Ground, the loss of which will have a corresponding effect on

the defence, below divisional level, as the loss of vital ground has at
divisional or higher level. The GTI is nominated by the next higher
commander ie, Brigade Commander in the battalion defended area and
Commanding Officer in a Company defended locality.

(b)
(i)

Defended Area, Locality and Defended Post.

Defended Area.

An area of operational responsibility

of mutually supporting defended localities

containing a group

organized in depth, such as, a

battalion defended area.

(ii) Defended Locality.

An area of ground organised or

defence, such as, a platoon or coy defended

mutually supporting sub-units,
which are likely

sited for all round

locality. It consists of group of

organised in depth. Those defended localities

to come first in contact with the enemy, are termed as

Forwarded Defended Localities (FDLs).

(iii) Defended Post.

The defence held by a small subunit,

section. Defended posts are grouped together

defended locality.

such as infantry

in mutual support, to form a

Question 19. What are the reasons for attacking at nightCOL

?
(05
VG
Marks)
Answer 19.
(a)

To achieve surprise.

(b)

To overcome complete lack or in-sufficiency of armour,

artillery
(c)

and air support.

To facilitate breaching of mine fields.

(d)

To eliminate danger of enemy attacking with armour

before own

anti tank defences are completed.

(e)

To avoid aimed fire.

(f)

To avoid aerial observation.

(g)

To gain advantage of better training, equipment and to

demoralise

the enemy.

(1 mk for 5

Question 20(a).

COL VNK
Fire Base est by you for the capture of Ph 1 obj

was subjected to hy and accurate en Arty fire. As a result there

were serious cas to men and eqpt in the fire base and fire sp was
not effective. Your aslt tps are 150 m short of the obj. What
actions will you take?

(04 Marks)

Answer 20(a).
(i)

Press home attack w/o fire sp.

(ii)

Send addl wpns in the fire base.

(iii)

Activate second fire base, if est.

(iv)

Arty in direct firing role to give close sp.

(v)

Pull back tps till adequate fire sp is available.

(1/2 mk

for each pt).

Question 20(b).

During mov from RP to obj, intense MG fire is

COLand
VNK
holding your attack from ridgeline. 4 men have been injured
2
dead. Ldg secs have gone to grnd. What actions will you take?
(04 Marks)
Answer 20(b).
(i)

Fall back to safe distance and destroy by Arty fire.

(ii)

MG bunker be destroyed by emp arty in direct firing

role.
(iii)

Destroy MG bunker by emp inf wpns.

(iv)

Send det from Ghatak pl to destroy MG bunker.

(v)

Motivate ldg sec to press home attack by personally

leading the
(vi)

attack.

Launch res coy from different direction.

for each pt).

(1/2 mk

Marks)

COL VBH

Answer 21.
(a)
natural
existing

Continuous Obstacle in Depth.

Sited along with the
obstacles so as to enhance the defence potential of the
obstacle.

(b)
Covered by Fire.
battalion.

Covered by small arms of the infantry

(c)
Coordinating Siting of Minefields.
Coordinated by the
armour
commander in consultation with formation commander
and
engineer commander.
(d)
Surprise.
An unexpected location of mine fields
disorganises an attack to a much greater degree than a known
obstacle.
(e)
Density.
conditions.

This will depended on the terrain

(f)
Simplicity.
The layout of Mine fields in defence
should be as simple as possible.

COL DPKS
Question 15.

In the mtns / HAAs the Ops will generally be fought to gain control of

key or dominating terrain. The aim of the offensive will be to capture objectives vital
for the progress of own operations and jeopardise the conduct of a successful
defensive battle by the enemy. Enumerate at least ten aspects to improve Mob at
Answer 15.
various levels.
(10 Marks)
(a)
Mental mob of commanders at all levels.
(b)

Well trained, fully acclimatised and physically fit troops.

(c)

Light clothing, eqpt and wpns.

(d) Use of specialist troops such as commandos and selected infantry

personnel trained in rock-craft/ice-craft.
(e)
Employment
mobiles/scooters.

of

special

mobility

equipment

such

as

snow-

(f)
Availability of diverse means of transportation, to include air, mechanical
transport, animal transport and porters.
(g)
zones.

Early/Speedy development of roads and tracks, and helipads/dropping

(h)
An efficient traffic control plan to include road clearance org including
recovery plan.
(j)

Good and reliable means of signal communications.

(k)

Specialized training like skiing, gains added importance.

(l)

Innovations and improvisations.

Question 16.

COL VCK

Small Team Operations and minor tactics at platoon and section

level, with particular emphasis on fire and movement, will be the battle winning
factor at unit and lower levels. What are the attributes needed for conduct of
successful Small Team Operations in battle?

(05 Marks)

Answer 16.
(a)

Initiative, aggressive spirit and killer instinct amongst junior leaders.

(b)

Motivation and high morale.

(c)

Physical fitness and acclimatisation.

(d)

Good field craft, battle craft, ice-craft/rock-craft battle drill and battle

procedures.
(e)

Orientation to close quarter battle.

Question 17.

COL
VCK
Multi directional attacks in mountains, require meticulous
planning,

preparation and coordination, as also detailed understanding of the technique of

assault. What are the advantages of multi direction attack in mountains?
(07 Marks)
Answer 17.
(a) Can tackle all/majority of posts simultaneously, thereby speeding up the
operations. The number of phases and passing-though of troops is reduced.
(b)
Attacking troops can converge towards the tactically important ground at
the earliest as the enemy defences would be tackled from a number of
directions.
(c) Surprise can be achieved to a large extent, thus precluding enemy
readjustments and concentration of fire.
(d) The objective can be effectively cut-off from different directions. The
enemy is thus, isolated and enveloped and the movement of reinforcements can
be delayed, if not prevented.

(e)
The defenders decision making process is delayed. Simultaneous attacks
from different directions will lead to confusion and isolation and will
undermine
his morale.
(f)
Counter-attacks by the enemy will be difficult to mount and will have less
chances of success.
(g)

Enables the attacker to exploit fleeting opportunities.

(h)
Success is gained with minimum of casualties, as the enemy is unable to
readjust and concentrate resources at the point of decision.
(1 mk for any 7 pts).

COL VG
Question 18.

What do you understand by the following terminologies :-

(a)

GRI and GTI.

(b)

Defended Area, Locality and Post.

(10 Marks)

(5 Marks)
(5 Marks)

Answer 18.
(a)

GRI and GTI.

(i)

GRI.

A piece of ground relatively higher than the surrounding

areas, the loss of which will have a corresponding effect on the

defences

below the divisional level. The GRI is nominated by the next

higher commander.

It is applicable to the plains, semi desert and desert

sectors where the

domination of terrain features by obsn and fire is

astride limited roads and tracks and other
towards furtherance of enemys
(ii)

GTI.

outweighed by ground
important features which lend

operation.

Ground, the loss of which will have a corresponding effect on

the defence, below divisional level, as the loss of vital ground has at
divisional or higher level. The GTI is nominated by the next higher
commander ie, Brigade Commander in the battalion defended area and
Commanding Officer in a Company defended locality.

(b)

Defended Area, Locality and Defended Post.

(i)

Defended Area.

An area of operational responsibility

containing a group of mutually supporting defended localities

organized in depth, such as, a battalion defended area.
(ii) Defended Locality.

An area of ground organised or

sited for all round defence, such as, a platoon or coy defended
locality. It consists of group of mutually supporting sub-units,
organised in depth. Those defended localities which are likely
come first in contact with the enemy, are termed as

Forwarded

Defended Localities (FDLs).

(iii) Defended Post.

The defence held by a small subunit,

such as infantry section. Defended posts are grouped together

in mutual support, to form a defended locality.

to

Question 19. What are the reasons for attacking at nightCOL

?
(05
VG
Marks)
Answer 19.
(a)

To achieve surprise.

(b)

To overcome complete lack or in-sufficiency of armour,

artillery
(c)

and air support.

To facilitate breaching of mine fields.

(d)

To eliminate danger of enemy attacking with armour

before own

anti tank defences are completed.

(e)

To avoid aimed fire.

(f)

To avoid aerial observation.

(g)

To gain advantage of better training, equipment and to

demoralise

the enemy.

(1 mk for 5

Question 20(a).

COL VNK
Fire Base est by you for the capture of Ph 1 obj

was subjected to hy and accurate en Arty fire. As a result there

were serious cas to men and eqpt in the fire base and fire sp was
not effective. Your aslt tps are 150 m short of the obj. What
actions will you take?

(04 Marks)

Answer 20(a).
(i)

Press home attack w/o fire sp.

(ii)

Send addl wpns in the fire base.

(iii)

Activate second fire base, if est.

(iv)

Arty in direct firing role to give close sp.

(v)

Pull back tps till adequate fire sp is available.

(1/2 mk

for each pt).

Question 20(b).

During mov from RP to obj, intense MG fire is

COLand
VNK
holding your attack from ridgeline. 4 men have been injured
2
dead. Ldg secs have gone to grnd. What actions will you take?
(04 Marks)
Answer 20(b).
(i)

Fall back to safe distance and destroy by Arty fire.

(ii)

MG bunker be destroyed by emp arty in direct firing

role.
(iii)

Destroy MG bunker by emp inf wpns.

(iv)

Send det from Ghatak pl to destroy MG bunker.

(v)

Motivate ldg sec to press home attack by personally

leading the
(vi)

attack.

Launch res coy from different direction.

for each pt).

(1/2 mk

Marks)

COL VBH

Answer 21.
(a)
natural
existing

Continuous Obstacle in Depth.

Sited along with the
obstacles so as to enhance the defence potential of the
obstacle.

(b)
Covered by Fire.
battalion.

Covered by small arms of the infantry

(c)
Coordinating Siting of Minefields.
Coordinated by the
armour
commander in consultation with formation commander
and
engineer commander.
(d)
Surprise.
An unexpected location of mine fields
disorganises an attack to a much greater degree than a known
obstacle.
(e)
Density.
conditions.

This will depended on the terrain

(f)
Simplicity.
The layout of Mine fields in defence
should be as simple as possible.

Question 23. Give out the correct names to the various parts as listed of a minefield given below:(12 Marks)

E
N

1
2

1
1

2
2

11
0

3
3
66

77

99

44
8
8

Answer 23.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Perimeter Fence.
Intermediate Marker.
Land Mark.
Alarm Post and Mine Harbour.
Start Strip Marker.
Turning Point.
Direction Picket.
Safety Tape.
End Stripe Marker.
Fragmentation Mine.
Anti Tank Mine/ Anti Pers Mine.
Short Strips.

COL SG

Question 25.

COL SC

A number of innovative and unconventional measures can be undertaken to

overcome the problems of employment of arty in mountains and LC environment. List out
these measures for Offensive Ops ?

(05 Marks)

Answer 25.

and

(a)

Deployment of guns square to the target area where tactically possible.

(b)

Engagement of objectives from a number of directions and in low angle fire.

(c)

Division of targets on ridge lines into smaller targets. Separate registration

groupings for engagement.

(d)

Engagement of targets on ridge lines by direct firing.

(e)
Employment of Multi Barrel Rocket Launchers (MBRLs) in direct firing role.
Shoot
and scoot capability of MBRL should be exploited.
(f)
(g)

Dynamic use of synchronised direct and indirect massed fire power to cause
destruction/lasting neutralisation by fire assaults at intense/rapid rate.
Direct firing to shoot-in the infantry as close as 100 meters from the

objective.
(h)

deployed

of the
Bofors

Concept of direct and indirect firing (direct firing at large Battery-Target

distance).

(j)

Engagement of forward and reverse slopes from either flank by suitably

guns.

(k)

Engagement of targets from different directions.

(l)
Provision of navigational aids for the assaulting troops with the assistance
blazing trail of the high explosive extended range (HEER) ammunition of 155mm
during night.
(1 mk for any 5 pts).

necessary

for

providing

continuous

fire

sp.

What

COLthe
SC
are

considerations that dictate Redeployment of Artillery?

(05 Marks)
Answer 26.

Redeployment of Artillery would be mainly

dictated by the following considerations:(a)

Redeploy in conformity with own design of battle.

(b)

Change in grouping of resources of availability of

device.
(c)

Enemy action.

(d)

Changes in overall plan of operations.

(e)

Weather.

(f)

Difficulty in maintaining communications.

(g)

Availability of new deployment areas and route.

(1 mk for

any 5 pts).