JACKETED PIPING

T. N. GOPINATH

TRACING
A tube or a small pipe carrying the heating fluid,
which is placed parallel and attached to the surface
of a pipe or equipment to be heated is referred to as
the tracer. Heating media could be steam, hot
water, hot oil or any other heat transfer fluid. When
steam is used for heating it is called
steam tracing.

Where to use Steam Tracing

Steam Tracing is used when it is possible that the
content of the pipes, equipment or instrument to
freeze, condense, crystallize, separate or become
too viscous to pump under local temperature
conditions.

Heat transfer from the tracer could be by;

1) Air Convection Tracing
Tracers attached to the pipe without the use of heat transfer
compounds but with high temperature tape and heat transfer is
by means of air convection movement of heat in the annular
space between the thermal insulation and the heated pipe.
2) Conduction Tracing
Tracer tube thermally bonded to the heated pipe or equipment
by heat transfer compound where primary heat transfer means is
by conduction directly into metal wall of the equipment or pipe
being heated.

Tracer Materials
1)

Copper tubing to ASTM B 68/B 75.

2)

Stainless Steel tubing to ASTM A 269.

3)
Carbon steel pipes, though used, are not
preferred as the combination of air and moisture on
or in the tracers causes rapid rusting.

When a pipe of higher diameter is put over the

service pipe, and when heating/cooling medium
passes, as required, through the annular space created
between the two pipes, then it is termed as a jacketed
pipe. The inner pipe is called the core pipe and the
outer pipe is called the jacket.
The combination of core and jacket pipes shall be
selected based on :
i) The properties of the heating/cooling medium.
ii) The flow required to maintain the temperature.
iii) The criticality of the service
iv) The differential expansion of the core and jacket
when the material of construction of core and
jacket are different.

The jacketed pipe poses problems, in design

fabrication and erection, different from that of the
non-jacketed piping. This article is intended to
highlight the problems of mechanical design of
jacketed piping.

 Size Combination of Core and Jacket Pipe :

Straight Pipe
Size of Core
Pipe
NB (mm)
Size of
Jacket Pipe
NB (mm)

15 20 25 40 50

65

80

100 150

40 40 50 65 80 100 100 150 200

Types of Jacketing :

(i) Only on a straight pipe keeping all bends and

flange welds exposed.

core pipe
jacket pipe

(ii) On straight pipes and elbows but keeping the

flange size same as that of the core pipe

On straight pipes and elbows with flange size

that of the jacket pipe. (Reducing flanges)

reducing flange

Jumper Pipes :

zx

Spacers :

JACKET
PIPE

JACKET
PIPE

SPACER

CORE PIPE

STICTH
WELD
SPACER

30

CORE PIPE

d - dia ROD
50MM LONG

Fig. 2.4

Spacer Details :
Core pipe NB (mm)

Jacket Pipe NB
(mm)

Dia of
rod d
(mm)

Width of
flat W
(mm)

Minimum span
(mm)

15

40

1500

20

40

2000

25

50

2000

40

65

2500

50

80

3000

65

100

14

3000

80

100

3500

100

150

19

4000

150

200

16

5000

NOTE :- THE
MATERIAL OF
CONSTRUCTION OF
JACKET BARRIER
SHALL BE SAME AS
THAT OF CORE PIPE.
FIG. 2.5

Core Pipe JKT Pipe

Size
Size
15
20
25
40
50
65
80
100
150
200

40
40
50
65
80
100
100
150
200
250

ID

OD

22.5
28.0
34.5
49.5
62.0
74.5
91.0
116.0
171.0
221.0

60
60
75
85
101
126
126
180
231
285

DIM Remarks
X
105
105
115
120
125
140
140
165
190
220

sdgdgf

fdsfdsddfdffsdfsdfs

Reducing Flange with modified Hub

fdhfgfdgsdfgh
gf

Sr.
No

CORE J ACKET FLANGE

PIPE
PIPE
O/ D

PCD

UNBORED
UNBORE
D
FL
FLG.
G.
SI ZE NB

X D| A
FOR 106
GR.B SCH.
40 PI PE

FOR I S:
1239
HVY.
CLASS

DIA
RF
BOR DIABOLT
BOLT
BORE
RF
D|
ED1
D1 HOLE
HOLE
D2 DIAA
D2

TOTAL
THK.
T1

T2

NO.
OF
BOLT
BOLT
S N

TT4
4

15NB

40NB

127

98

40

39

37.5

22.5

14

73

22

18

1.
1.6
6

20NB

40N B

127

98

40

39

37.5

28.5

14

73

22

18

1.
1.6
6

25NB

50NB

152

121

50

50.5

48.5

34.5

18

92

25

19

1.
1.6
6

40NB

65NB

178

140

65

60.5

64

49.5

18

10
105
5

29

22

1.
1.6
6

50NB

80NB

190

152

80

76

76

62.0

18

12
127
7

32

24

1.
1.6
6

65 NB 100NB

229

190

100

100

100

74.5

18

15
15 7
7

33

24

1.
1.6
6

80NB 100NB

229

190

100

100

100

91.0

18

15
157
7

33

24

1.
1.6
6

100NB 150NB

279

241

150

152

151

116.
116.
0
0

22

21
216
6

35

25

1.
1.6
6

1
0
1
0

150NB 200NB

343

298

200

201

201

171.
171.0
0

22

27
270
0

41

29

1.
1.6
6

112
2

150 # Rating Flanges

X D| A
No

COR
E
PIPE

J ACK
ET
PIPE

FLAN
GE
O/ D

PCD

UNBORED
FLG.
SI ZE NB

1..

15 NB

40NB

156

114

2..

20N B

40NB

156

3..

25 N B 50NB

4..

40NB

5..

Sr.

DIA BOLT
RF
BORE HOLE D2
DI A
D1

TOTAL
THK.
T1

T2

NO.
OF
T4
BOLTS
N

FOR 106
GR.B SCH.
40 PI PE

FOR I S:
1239
HVY.
CLASS

40

39

37.5

22.5

22

73

25

21

1. 6

114

40

39

37.5

28.0

22

73

25

21

1. 6

165

127

50

50.5

48.5

34.5

19

92

28

22

1. 6

65NB

190

149

65

60.5

64

49.5

22

105

32

25

1. 6

50NB

80NB

210

168

80

76

76

62.0

22

127

36

28

1.6

6..

65NB

100NB

254

200

100

100

100

74.5

22

15 7

41

32

1. 6

7..

80NB

100N B

254

200

100

100

100

91.0

22

157

41

32

1. 6

8..

100NB 150NB

318

270

150

152

151

116.0

22

216

47

37

1.6

12

10

9..

150NB 200NB

381

330

200

201

201

171.0

25

270

53

41

1.6

12

12

300 # Rating Flanges

Elbows :
Core
pipe
NB
(mm)

Bends
Radius
(mm)

Jacket
Pipe
NB (mm)

Bend
Radius
(mm)

Remark
s

15

60 (4.0D)

40

57 (1.5D)

NOTE 1

20

60(3.0D)

40

57 (1.5D)

NOTE 1

25

75 (3.0D)

50

76(1.5D)

NOTE 1

40

57 (1.5D)

65

62 (1.0D)

NOTE 2

50

76 (1.5D)

80

76 (1.0D)

NOTE 2

65

95 (1.5D)

100

102
(1.0D)

NOTE 2

80

114 (1.5D)

100

102
(1.0D)

NOTE 2

100

152 (1.5D)

150

152
(1.0D)

NOTE 2

150

229 (1.5D)

200

203
(1.0D)

NOTE 2

Note 1: Use 1.5D (LR) elbow for jacket

Note 2: Use 1.5D (LR) elbow for jacket & 1D (SR) elbow for core

 Design
Code ASME B31.3 under clause 304.1.3 specifies
that to determine the wall thickness for straight
pipe under external pressure, the procedure
outlined in the BPV Code Section VIII Division 1,
UG 28 through UG 30 shall be followed.
A sample calculation of the jacketed piping
system normally handled by design engineers is
illustrated below.

 Data

The pipe sizes under consideration are

a) Core -- 6 (150) NB.
b) Jacket 8 (200) NB.
Materials of construction
a) Core Austenitic stainless steel to
ASTM A312 TP304L, seamless quality
(for core pipes, always seamless quality
is considered due to inaccessibility of
the weld joint for inspection.)
b) Jacket Carbon steel to ASTM A106
Gr. .B
Design Temperature
a) Core -- 700 F ( 375 C)

Design Pressure
a) Core 300 psig (21Kg/cm2)
b) Jacket 400 psig (28 Kg/cm2)

Corrosion Allowance
a) Core Nil
b) Jacket 1/16 (1.6 mm)

Design Basis ASME B31.3

Thickness Selection to withstand the Internal Pressure

{Refer ASME B31.3 clauses 304.1.1 and

304.1.2}
Where
tm = t + c
tm = (Minimum required thickness including
mechanical, corrosion and erosion
allowances)
And
t = PD / 2(SE + PY)

t = pressure design thickness

c = Sum of mechanical, corrosion and
erosion allowances
P = Internal design gauge pressure
D = Outside diameter of pipe
E = Quality factor from Table A 1
S = Stress value from Table A 1
Y = Coefficient from Table 304.1.1

a)

Core Pipe:
P = 300 psig
D = 6.625 ( for 6 NB )
S = 13500 psi ( for SS 304L pipe at 700 F )
E = 1.0 ( seamless quality )
300 6.625
t

Y = 0.4
2(13500 1 300 0.4)
Hence,

t m 0.073 0

= 0.073

Consider SCH 5S pipe as per ASME B36.19

t = 0.109
t ( considering mill tolerance)
= 0.109 0.875
= 0.095
Hence SCH 5S is adequate .

b) Jacket Pipe:
P
D
S
E
Y

= 400 psig
= 8.625 ( for 8 NB )
= 13000 psi (for A 106 Gr. B pipe at 750 F )
= 1.0 (seamless quality)
= 0.4

4008.625
2(130001 4000.4)
= 0.1936

= 0.1311

t m 0.1311 0.0625

Consider SCH 20 pipe as per ASME B36.10

t = 0.25
t ( considering mill tolerance)
= 0.25 0.875 = 0.2187
Hence SCH 20 is adequate.
The above pipe selections were based on the
sustainable internal design pressure of the core &
jacket pipes.

Thickness Selection for the core pipe to withstand the

external pressure
{Refer ASME Section VIII Division 1, UG 28 }

Tocheck6NBSCH5Spipeforanexternalpressureof
400psig

L
50
Do

Thickness t of SCH 5S pipe after mill tolerance = 0.095

Do

6.625
0.095

69.7

Factor A = 0.000225
{ Refer ASME Section II Part D}
Factor B = 2750
{Refer ASME Section II Part D Fig HA3}

Allowable Working Pressure,

Pa

4
B
4 2750

3 Do t 3 69.7

= 52.6 psig < P

Hence SCH 5S is not suitable.

To check 6 NB SCH 40S pipe for the external

pressure
of 400 psig .

L
50
Do

Thickness t of SCH 40S pipe after mill tolerance

= 0.28 0. 875
= 0.245
L

Do

6.625
0.245

27.0

Factor A = 0.0015
Factor B = 4800
Allowable Working Pressure,
Pa

4 4800

3
27

= 237 psig < P

Hence SCH 40S pipe is not suitable

Tocheck6NBSCH80Spipefortheexternal
pressureof400psig.

L
50
Do

Thickness t of SCH 80S pipe after mill tolerance

= 0.875 0. 432
= 0.378
Do
6.625

17.53
L
0.378

Factor A = 0.0038
Factor B = 5500
Allowable Working Pressure,
Pa

4
5500

3 17.53

= 418 psig

Hence use SCH 80S pipe .

The selected combination shall be Core of

6 NB SCH 80S (6.625 OD 0.432
nominal thk.)
Jacket of 8 NB SCH 20 (8.625 OD 0.25
nominal thk.)

To check the Selected Combination of pipe thickness for

stresses due to Differential Expansion.

The coefficient of linear expansion of carbon

steel is less than that of the stainless steel. Hence the
jacket pipe will restrict the expansion of the core
pipe and the core pipe will try to pull the jacket
pipe. The differential expansion accordingly gets
divided between the two. The proportion in which
the differential expansion gets distributed can be
calculated as below.

The principle employed is that the differential

expansion will develop stress and accordingly the
force. There will be compressive force in the core
pipe and tensile force in the jacket pipe. Since the
system remains in equilibrium both the forces will
have the same magnitude.

Strain due to differential expansion,

1

Stress
Strain
Modulusof elasticity

E
Stress,

Hence,

Force P ... 3
f

Area
A

or

l
p E. .A ... 4
l

Since, Force exerted by CS on SS and/or SS or CS is the same,

Ec

lc
ls
A c Es
As
l
l

.... 5

Suffix c stands for carbon steel and suffix s stands for

stainless steel.
Hence,

or

Ec .lc . Ac E s .l s . As

..... 6

l c
E s As

l s
E c Ac

....... 7

Hence,

lc

E s As
l s
Ec Ac

........ 8

The Differential Expansion gets divided between carbon

steel and stainless steel
i.e.
l = lc + ls
.9
Substituting for lc from above equation

E s As
l
l s l s ..10
Ec Ac
E s As

l s
1
Ec Ac

..11

l
l s
E s As
1
E c Ac

or

..12

And lc = l - ls . derived from eqn. 9

Applying the above formulae in the example
Modulus of Elasticity of SS at 700 F
Es =

24.8 x 106 psi

(Refer ASME B31.3 Table C6)

Modulus of Elasticity of CS at 750 F

(Refer ASME B31.3 Table C6)

Metal area (As) of 6 NB SCH 80S SS pipe

= Pi/4{6.6252 (6.625 2 x 0.432)2}
= 8.405 in2
Metal area (Ac) of 8 NB SCH 20 CS pipe
= Pi/4{8.6252 (8.625 2 x 0.25)2}
= 6.578 in2
Expansion of CS pipe from 70 F to 750 F
= 6.26/100 (Refer Appendix C of
ASME B31.3)
Expansion of SS pipe from 70 F to 700 F
= 7.50/100 (Refer Appendix C of

Differential Expansion,
l
= 7.50 6.26 = 1.24/100
Compression in SS pipe,

l s

l
E s As
1
E c Ac

..(Refer eqn. 12)

1.24
6

24.810 8.405
6

24.610 6.578

0.542/100

Tension in CS pipe,
= 1.24 0.542

= 0.698/100

Strain in SS pipe,

0.542
s
0.000452
100 12
Strain in CS pipe,

0.698
c
0.000582
100 12
Tensile stress in CS pipe,
= E c x c
= 0.000582 x 24.6 x 106
= 14317 psi
> Stress Allowable (S)

Compressive stress in SS pipe,

s
= Es x s
= 0.000452 x 24.8 x106
= 11210 psi
< Stress Allowable (S)
Hence SCH 20 Carbon steel pipe is not suitable
for the service.
Increase the thickness of carbon steel pipe to SCH
40.
Nominal thickness of 8 NB SCH 40 pipe
= 0.322
Metal area of 8 NB SCH 40 pipe
= p/4{8.6252 (8.625 2 x 0.322)2}
= 8.399 in2

Compression in SS pipe (refer eq.12)

ls

= 0.617 /100
Tension in cs pipe
= 1.24 - 0.617 = 0.623/100
Strain in ss pipe,

0.617
s
0.000514
100 12

Strain in CS pipe,
c

0.623
10012

0.000519

Tensile stress in CS pipe

= 0.000519 x 24.6 x 106
= 12767 psi
< Stress Allowable (S)
Compressive stress in ss pipe
= 0.000514 x 24.8 x 106
= 12747 psi
< Stress Allowable (S)

HENCE THE COMBINATION TO BE

CONSIDERED FOR THE DUTY IS 6 (150mm) NB
SCH 80S STAINLESS STEEL PIPE AND 8
(200mm) NB SCH 40 CARBON STEEL PIPES

Toestablishthemaximumjackettrimming

distance:
It is necessary that the jacket is
trimmed at definite intervals to ensure the
stresses due to differential expansion do not
exceed these values.
The stainless steel core pipe can be
equated to a strut column with both ends
fixed to establish the maximum distance
allowed between two flanged joints.
Stress in ss pipe,
f = 12,747 psi
Metal area of ss pipe,
A = 8.405 in2

Compressive force in the ss pipe,

Pc = f x A
= 12,747 x 8.405
= 1,07,138 lbs
Applying Eulers formula for column with
both ends fixed (Ref. Brownell & Young)
Compressive force,
2

Pc

4 EI
2

(eqn. 2.22 Table 2.1)

Where,
I = Moment of Inertia
= 40.49 in4
l = Distance between two supports in
inches

Therefore;

4 24.8 10 40.49
1,07,138
l
2

4 2 24.8 10 6 40.49
l
1,07,138

608.29 inches

50.7 ft (15.45 m)

HENCE THE MAXIMUM JACKET

TRIMMING DISTANCE SHALL BE 15450
MM

STRESS ANALYSIS OF JACKETED PIPING

While checking the stresses due to

sustained loading and displacement strains
as per clause 302.3.5 of ASME B31.3 or
102.3.2 of ASME B31.1, additional stresses
developed due to the load at the junction of
core and jacket i.e. P/Ac for core and P/Aj
for jacket, should be added. The same
philosophy is applicable while checking the
limits of calculated stresses due to
occasional loads as per clause 302.3.6 of
ASME B31.3 or 102.3.3 of ASME B31.1
where P is the force at the junction of the
core and the jacket and Ac and Aj are the area
of the core and the jacket.

 The weld strength between core and jacket also

to be checked by considering an allowable load
Pall = Area of weld x 60% allowable stress.
Area of weld is obtained by multiplying
the circumference of core pipe by the root of the
weld i.e. x d x (0.707 x weld size ).
The force developed, available from the computer
output, shall be less than the allowable value thus
calculated.
The trimming length of the jacket shall be
established ensuring that the buckling load
calculated based on the Eulers formula is less
than the load developed of the junction point of
the jacket and the core as available from the
computer output.