GENDER

AND
DEVELOPME
NT

What is
Gender?
Refer
to the socially

constructed roles,
behavior, activities,
and
attributes that a given
society consider

Gender shapes
the
lives of all
people
in all societies.
It
influence all

What is
Development?
Refer to qualitative
changes. The changes
are brought about with
an increase in function
maturity.

THEORIES
OF
GENDER

SOCIAL
LEARNING
THEORY

Social Learning Theory

proposes that children
learn gender roles because

they are rewarded for

appropriate behavior and
punished for inappropriate

COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
THEORY

Cognitive
Development Theory

Argued that children

learn about gender the

same way that they

acquire other cognitive

 This

theory
focuses
upon the
children's
understanding
refer
to the way he/she

GENDER
SCHEMA
THEORY

 Schema helps a

child to develop
gender identity and
formulate an
appropriate gender
role.

This theory Just

says that we
observe the
world
and develop
schemas of how
boys and girls act.

Don't we all look like

this in our Juicy
jeans?

GENDER
STEREOTYP
ING

Gender Stereotyping
is defined as the
beliefs humans hold
about the

characteristics

with Males and

GENDER STEREOTYPE
FEMALE
MALE
Dependent

Independent

Submissive

Dominant

Easily hurt
emotionally

Not easily hurt

emotionally

Talkative

Not at all
talkative

Cries a lot

Rarely Cries

 Gender Stereotyping is

harmful when it limits

womens and mens
capacity to develop
their personal abilities,
pursue their
professional careers

 Gender Equality is

about men and

women
being valued to the
same extent and
sharing equally and
fully in the process
of development.

Gender Equality
Gives women and men
the same entitlement to
all aspects of human
development, including
economic, social,
cultural, civil and
political rights.

the same level of

respect, the same
opportunities to
make choices, and
the same level of
power to shape the
outcomes of these

 The objective of gender

equality is for people to
acquire, if they so
choose, equal treatment
throughout a society, not
just in politics, the
workplace, or any other
policy-designated sphere.

In other words, promoting

gender equality and the
empowerment of women is an
affective strategy to ensure that
the other Millennium
Development Goals are
achieved.

 Gender Inequality
is the unequal
treatment or
perceptions of
individuals based on
Their gender.

It arises from
differences in
socially
constructed
gender roles.

Four Themes Characterize

Feminist Theorizing of
Gender Inequality
Men & Women are

situated in society
unequally.
Organization of
Society

No significant pattern of
natural variation
distinguishes the sexes.

All in equality theories

assume fairly easily &
naturally to more
egalitarian social
structures.

SOME EXAMPLE
OF GENDER
INEQUALITY

 FREEDOM OF MARRIAGE.
DISCRIMINATION

DIVORSE
RIGHT.

CITIZENSHIP

VIOLENCE

Gender refers to

the different
ways
men and women
play in society,
and to the

 Power is a basic
fabric of society
and
is possessed in
varying degrees
by
social actors in
diverse social

By virtue of the males

greater ascribed status in
society, men have more
legitimate Power (based
on rank or position) than
do women.

Gender
and
Education

GIRLS

v
s.

BOYS

MIND THE GAPADULT

GENDER &
YEARS
In Bangladesh, 52% of women and
EDUCATION
61% of men can read and write.