Important Announcement

Next Tuesday class at University Center

Group Introduction Card due next

Thursday, Sep 26.

Group Project topic due next Thursday,

Sep 26. Email your 1st and 2nd choice to
Glen!

Sep 24 Class (next

Tuesday)
Venue:
Tin Ka Ping Hall, University
Center (next to UC Bistro)
Time:
Same as regular classes
Dress code:
Sportswear is recommended

Come ON TIME! If you miss the instructions at

the beginning, you may not be able to
participate in the exercise.

Agenda

Perception
Learning

Chapter 3
Perceptions and
Learning in
Organizations (Part II)

Organizational Learning
Perspective

An organizations capacity to acquire,

share, use, and store valuable knowledge
Knowledge management
Knowledge
acquisition

Knowledge
sharing

Knowledge
use

Organizational learning is heavily

depending on individual learning

Learning Objectives:

Learning and Type of knowledge

Three major learning perspectives

Behavior Modification

Social learning theory

Experiential learning

Learning

A relatively permanent change in behavior

(or behavior tendency) that occurs as a
result of a persons interaction with the
environment

Types of knowledge

Explicit

Tacit

Not mutually exclusive

Behavior Modification

Learning through reinforcement

Also known as Operant conditioning

We respond to the _________and alter behavior

to maximize positive and minimize adverse
consequences

Learning is viewed as completely dependent

on the ___________

Human thoughts are viewed as __________

Operant Conditioning

Learning by building connections between

behaviors and consequences
Voluntary rather than reflexive
A-B-C model of behavior modification
Antecedents

Behavior

Consequences

What happens
before behavior

What person
says or does

What happens
after behavior

Pigeon Pack-Turn

An example of operant
conditioning
Once when I was sitting on the couch, my
cat walked onto my lap and I petted her with
affection. Now every time I sit on the couch,
she walks onto my lap immediately.
Antecedents

Behavior

Consequences

__________

__________

__________

Types of Reinforcement
No
Consequenc Consequenc
consequenc
e introduced e removed
e
Behavior
Positive
Negative
increases/ reinforcemen reinforceme
maintained
t
nt
Behavior
decreases

Punishment

Extinction
Punishment
(do nothing)

Types of Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

Providing a reward for a desired behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired

behavior occurs.

You put in lots of

effort into the
project

In the middle of
a very boring
date, you say
that you feel
sick.

You continue to
work hard in the
future

Your instructor &

teammate praise
you

You get out of

the date early.

12

You use the same

tactics again when
the date gets
boring.

Types of Reinforcement

Punishment

Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an

undesirable behavior.

You are 30min

late to a group
meeting.

You did not

submit your work
to your team
leader on the due
date.

You will not be

late again in the
future.

You need to pay $5

per min for being
late.

You are not

allowed to join
the project
completion party.

13

You will not do

that again in the
future.

Types of
Reinforcement
Extinction (do nothing)

Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to

cause its cessation.

Which Contingency?

Punishment generates negative

emotions
Positive reinforcement and extinction
preferred in general
Combination of positive reinforcement
and punishment gives clear feedback

Schedule of Reinforcement

Continuous reinforcement

A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is

demonstrated

Good schedule for learning

Rapid extinction when stopped

Variable ratio schedule

A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to

make the behavior worth repeating but not every
time it is demonstrated

Highly resistant to extinction

Reinforcement based on
time (interval)

17

Reinforcement based on ratio

18

Behavior Modification in
Practice

Behavior modification can be seen in

Everyday life to influence behavior of others

Company programs to reduce absenteeism,

improve safety, etc.

Behavior modification limitations

Reward inflation: reward becomes entitlement

Ignores role of thinking in learning and

behavior change

Social learning theory

Learning by _________
Importance of perception in learning
Behavioral modeling

_________ and _________ behavior of others

Learning behavior consequences

Observing consequences that others

experience

Social learning process

Attention

Recognize and pay attention to

the role models behaviors

Retention

Remember the role models actions

Motor
reproduction
Reinforceme
nt

Convert watching to doing

Positive incentives and rewards
Encourage the modeled behavior
Punishments Inhibit the behavior

Learning Through
Experience

Kolbs experiential learning model

Concrete
Experience

Active
Experimentation

Reflective
Observation
Abstract
Conceptualization

To learn & to unlearn

Sep 24 Class (next

Tuesday)
Venue:
Tin Ka Ping Hall, University
Center (next to UC Bistro)
Time:
Same as regular classes
Dress code:
Sportswear is recommended

Come ON TIME! If you miss the instructions at

the beginning, you may not be able to
participate in the exercise.

Preparation for Next Week

Read Chapter 5

Read West Indies Yacht Case