Metal Furnaces

ey are used to melt the metal into liquid for casting process.

Types of Metal Furnaces

[A] Crucible furnace
[B] Pot Furnace
[C] Rotary Furnace
[D] Electric Furnace
[E] Cupola Furnace

Prepared By : Patel Chirag B.

Branch : Mechanical (Morning)
Subject : M.E.1
Enrollment No. :
146180319037

[A] Crucible Furnace

Crucible furnaces are small capacity typically used for small melting applications. Crucible
furnace is suitable for the batch type foundries where the metal requirement is intermittent. The
metal is placed in a crucible which is made of clay and graphite. The energy is applied indirectly to
the metal by heating the crucible by coke, oil or gas. The heating of crucible is done by coke, oil or
gas.
Types of Crucible Furnace
1. Coke Fired Pit Furnace
2. Oil Fired Crucible Furnace

[B] Pot Furnace

Pot Furnace is used to melt non-ferrous metals like Megnesium, Alluminium, Tin, Zinc and Cadmium.
The pot is made up of cast iron or steel.
The furnace may be fired by gasoline oil or coke.
The molten metal is taken out of the pot furnace by using ladles.
Normally the capacity of pot furnace is around 500 kg.

[C] Rotary Furnace

Used to melt 500kg to 2500kg of metal

The kiln is a cylindrical vessel, inclined slightly to the horizontal, which is rotated slowly about its axis. The
material to be processed is fed into the upper end of the cylinder. As the kiln rotates, material gradually moves
down towards the lower end, and may undergo a certain amount of stirring and mixing. Hot gases pass along
the kiln, sometimes in the same direction as the process material (co-current), but usually in the opposite
direction (counter-current). The hot gases may be generated in an external furnace, or may be generated by a
flame inside the kiln. Such a flame is projected from a burner-pipe (or "firing pipe") which acts like a large
bunsen burner. Thefuelfor this may be gas, oil, pulverized petroleum coke or pulverized coal.

[D] Electric Furnace

Types of Electric Furnaces

1. Direct Arc furnace

2. Indirect Arc Furnace

3. Induction Furnace

[E] Cupola Furnace

Cupola
Cupola furnaces are tall, cylindrical furnaces used to
melt iron and ferrous alloys in foundry operations.
Alternating layers of metal and ferrous alloys, coke,
and limestone are fed into the furnace from the top.
A schematic diagram of a cupola is shown inFigure.
This diagram of a cupola illustrates the furnace's
cylindrical shaft lined with refractory and the
alternating layers of coke and metal scrap. The
molten metal flows out of a spout at the bottom of
the cupola. .
Operation of Cupola
The cupola is charged with wood at the bottom. On
the top of the wood a bed of coke is built.
Alternating layers of metal and ferrous alloys, coke,
and limestone are fed into the furnace from the top.
The purpose of adding flux is to eliminate the
impurities and to protect the metal from oxidation.
Air blast is opened for the complete combustion of
coke. When sufficient metal has been melted that
slag hole is first opened to remove the slag. Tap
hole is then opened to collect the metal in the ladle.