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Bolts
Bolts
Bolt installation is less labor intensive.
High strength bolts are economical.
Two commonly used types of bolts are:
Unfinished ( A307 )
High strength bolt ( A325, A449, A490 )
A307 is known by names unfinished, rough, common,
ordinary and machine.
They are made of low carbon steel having tensile strength
of 60Ksi.
A325 is made of medium carbon steel whose tensile
strength decreases with increase in dia.
High strength bolts can be tightened to large tensions.
Bolts
Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC)
prescribes tightening procedures.
Turn of the nut method
Calibrated-wrench tightening
Direct-tension-indicator tightening
Types of Failure
Shearing Failure of Bolts.
Bearing Failure of plate.
Tearing failure at edge of plate
Shear Failure
Bearing Failure
Tearing Failure
at the edge of
the plate
Example No 1
Data
Two plates of x 12 are required to be connected
using 4 x in dia A325 bolts.
Plates are A36 steel
Use AISC Specifications
Exclude threads from shear plane
Requirement is to find the number of rivets and capacity of
plates.
Example No 1
Figure
P kips
P kips
7/8
x 12
12
Example No 1
Capacity of plate
In tension element as per yielding criteria
T = 0.6 Fy Ag
Ae = An x Ct
An = Ag Abolts
= 5 in2
Ct = 1
Example No 1
Friction Type Connection
Shear Capacity of bolts
Example No 2
Data
Three plates in thick and one plate 3/4 in thick are
required to be connected using 3/4 in dia A325 bolts.
Threads are excluded from shear plane
Plates are A36
Use AISC Specifications
Bearing type connection
Requirement is to find the number of bolts
Example No 2
Figure
95 kips
95 kips
190 kips
in Plate
3/4 in Plate
Example No 2
Connection
Shear Capacity of single bolt
52 kips
116 k
Example No 1
2 L s 4 x 3 x 7/16
104 k
8 x 7/8
bolts
Slope 1 is 2
A325 Bolts
Requirement: check adequacy of connection
Example No 1
The bolts used for most structural steel connections are
subjected to a combination of shear and tension. This is
common in brackets and various types of moment
resisting connections, where the upper bolts are subjected
to vertical shear plus tension caused by the fact that the
beam end is trying to rotate downward and tends to pull
top portion of the connection away from the column or
other member.
Tensile stress for bearing type connection may not exceed
Ft = 50,000 1.6 fv 40,000
where fv is
shearing stress produced by applied loads and this
formula is for A325 bolts.
Tensile stress for friction type connection may not exceed
Ab cross-sectional area of bolt and ft is tensile stress due
to applied load and Tb is proof load of bolt
Example No 1
Bearing Type Connection
Shearing stress
Example No 1
Friction Type Connection
Example No 2
3 in
150 kips
2
10 x 1 bolts
4@4
2 Stiffeners of
4 x 4 x
1.5
8 x 20 plate
Example No 2
Bearing Type Connection
Proof load of 1 in dia bolts is Tb = 51 k
Total pre-tensioning force = 10 x 51 = 510 k
Stress in plate = (510) / (8 x 20) = 3.19 ksi
Stress due to eccentric loading
Example No 2
3.19 ksi
0.84 ksi
2.35 ksi
10
3.19 ksi
0.84 ksi
4.03 ksi
Example No 2
Thanks