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MANAGEMENT
(PART 1)
Planning
Response
Recovery
OBJECTIVE
This course will help existing EMG,
EOG and employees understand
emergency response procedures
when responding to emergency
situations.
To learn how to respond
to any emergency situation
effectively so that can minimize
potential harms.
responder.
SEVEN PRIORITIES
Protect life
Protect property
Evaluate the situation
Notify relevant parties
Consider evacuation
Perform repair activities
Re-Establish services
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY?
An emergency is any unplanned event that
can cause deaths or significant injuries to
employees, customers or the public.
OR
That can shut down your business, disrupt
operations, cause physical or
environmental damage,
or threaten the companys
financial standing or
public image.
EMERGENCY
Events which can be considered an
emergencies are
Fire
Explosion
Toxic Release
Also.others such as
Flood or flash flood
Earthquake
LEVEL OF EMERGENCY
OPERATION
MODE
NORMAL
PLANT
STATE
Normal
OPERATIONAL
GOAL
Keep
normal
CRITICAL
SYSTEMS
Process units,
Automatic
Controls and
Applications
OPERATION
& SUPPORT
ACTIVITIES
Preventive,
Monitoring
and Testing
LEVEL OF EMERGENCY
LEVEL 1
OPERATION
MODE
NORMAL
ABNORMAL
PLANT
STATE
Normal
Abnormal
OPERATIONAL
GOAL
Keep
normal
Return to
normal
CRITICAL
SYSTEMS
Process units,
Automatic
Controls and
Applications
Safety
shutdown
And protective
applications
OPERATION
& SUPPORT
ACTIVITIES
Preventive,
Monitoring
and Testing
Manual
Intervention
& troubleshooting
LEVEL OF EMERGENCY
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
ON SITE
OPERATION
MODE
NORMAL
ABNORMAL
MINOR
EMERGENCY
PLANT
STATE
Normal
Abnormal
Out of control
OPERATIONAL
GOAL
Keep
normal
Return to
normal
Bring to
safe state
CRITICAL
SYSTEMS
Process units,
Automatic
Controls and
Applications
Safety
shutdown
And protective
applications
Physical/
Mechanical
Containment
system
OPERATION
& SUPPORT
ACTIVITIES
Preventive,
Monitoring
and Testing
Manual
Intervention
& troubleshooting
Local
Evacuation,
first aid and
Fire fighting
LEVEL OF EMERGENCY
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
ON SITE
LEVEL 3
OFF SITE
OPERATION
MODE
NORMAL
ABNORMAL
MINOR
EMERGENCY
MAJOR
EMERGENCY
PLANT
STATE
Normal
Abnormal
Out of control
Disaster
OPERATIONAL
GOAL
Keep
normal
Return to
normal
Bring to
safe state
Minimize
impact
CRITICAL
SYSTEMS
Process units,
Automatic
Controls and
Applications
Safety
shutdown
And protective
applications
Physical/
Mechanical
Containment
system
Emergency
Response
system
Preventive,
Monitoring
and Testing
Manual
Intervention
& troubleshooting
Local
Evacuation,
first aid and
Fire fighting
Require
external
help
evacuation
of public
OPERATION
& SUPPORT
ACTIVITIES
SEEDS OF DISASTER
EVENT
Loss of
containment
e.g.
LNG,
Chlorine,
Propane etc
CAUSES
PREVENTION
CONTROL
Tighter control
during
procurement,
purchasing and
installation of
components;
Integrity audits;
Maintenance;
Monitoring of
performances
pressure,
flow
MITIGATION
Alarm systems
Fire fighting
systems
Emergency
Response Team
Insurance
LACK OF
CONTROL
BASIC
CAUSES
IMMEDIATE
CAUSES
INCIDENT
LOSS
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROG. STD
COMP. TO
STD
PERSONAL
FACTORS
&
JOB
FACTORS
SUB
STANDARD
ACTS
&
CONDITIONS
CONTACT
WITH
ENERGY
OR
SUBSTANCE
PEOPLE
PROPERTY
PROCESS
PLANET
IMMEDIATE
CAUSE
INCIDENT
LOSS
CONTACT WITH
ENERGY OR
SUBSTANCE
1.Struck against (running or
bumping into)
2. Struck by (hit by moving object)
3. Fall to lower level
4. Fall on Same Level (Slip and Fall,
Tip Over)
5. Caught In (Pinch and Nip Points)
IMMEDIATE
CAUSE
BASIC
CAUSE
SUBSTD. ACT
SUBSTANDARD
ACTS
AND
CONDITIONS
INCIDENT
SUBSTD. COND
BASIC
CAUSE
LACK OF
CONTROL
PERSONAL FACTOR
JOB FACTOR
PERSONAL
1.Inadequate Capability
- Physical/Physiological
- Mental/Psychological
2. Lack of Knowledge & Skill
3. Stress
- Physical/Physiological
- Mental/Psychological
4. Improper Motivation
IMMEDIATE.
CAUSE
JOB
1. Inadequate Leadership & Supervision
2. Inadequate Engineering
3. Inadequate Purchasing
4. Inadequate Maintenance
5. Inadequate Tools, Equipment, Materials
6. Inadequate Work Standards
7. Abuse or Misuse
8. Wear and Tear
LACK OF
CONTROL
BASIC
CAUSE
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROGRAM STANDARDS
COMPLIANCE TO STDS
1. Management commitment, Policy
2.Employee Participation
3.Training
4. Planned Inspection
5. Accident/Incident Investigation &
Analysis
6. PPE
7. Emergency Response
LOSS CAUSATION
THRESHOLD
LACK OF
CONTROL
BASIC
CAUSES
IMMEDIATE
CAUSES
INCIDENT
LOSS
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROG. STD
COMP. TO
STD
PERSONAL
FACTORS
&
JOB
FACTORS
SUB
STANDARD
ACTS
&
CONDITIONS
CONTACT
WITH
ENERGY
OR
SUBSTANCE
PEOPLE
PROPERTY
PROCESS
PLANET
PROBLEM SOLVING
THRESHOLD
LACK OF
CONTROL
BASIC
CAUSES
IMMEDIATE
CAUSES
INCIDENT
LOSS
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROG. STD
COMP. TO STD
PERSONAL
FACTORS
&
JOB
FACTORS
SUB
STANDARD
ACTS
&
CONDITIONS
CONTACT
WITH
ENERGY
OR
SUBSTANCE
PEOPLE
PROPERTY
PROCESS
PLANET
contact
Postcontact
Pre-contact
LOSS CAUSATION
PROBLEM SOLVING
THRESHOLD
LACK OF
CONTROL
BASIC
CAUSES
IMMEDIATE
CAUSES
INCIDENT
LOSS
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROG. STD
COMP. TO STD
PERSONAL
FACTORS
&
JOB
FACTORS
SUB
STANDARD
ACTS
&
CONDITIONS
CONTACT
WITH
ENERGY
OR
SUBSTANCE
PEOPLE
PROPERTY
PROCESS
PLANET
contact
Postcontact
Pre-contact
BASIC
CAUSES
IMMEDIATE
CAUSES
INCIDENT
LOSS
INADEQUATE
PROGRAM
PROG.STD
COMP.TO STD
PERSONAL
FACTORS
&
JOB
FACTORS
SUB
STANDARD
ACTS
&
CONDITIONS
CONTACT
WITH
ENERGY
OR
SUBSTANCE
PEOPLE
PROPERTY
PROCESS
PLANET
LOSS CAUSATION
PROBLEM SOLVING
OSH-MS
Safe Operating Procedures, Training,
Supervision, Maintenance, PPE
Activity: PREVENTION
THRESHOLD
Workers
exposed
to hazards
Activity: MITIGATION
PRE-CONTACT CONTROL
CONTACT CONTROL
POST-CONTACT CONTROL
Implementation of the emergency action
plans
proper first aid and medical care for people
rescue operations
fire and explosion control
removal of damaged equipment, materials
and facilities from use until repaired
prompt repair of damaged equipment,
materials and facilities
POST-CONTACT CONTROL
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
(PART 2)
CIMAH
REGULATION
REQUIREMENTS
Regulation 11
ERP updating
Consult Competent Person
Regulation 20
Offsite ERP
Regulation 21 (1)
Offsite ERP
Regulation 21 (2)
(a) Time frame to inform local or port authority
(b) Provide information to local or port
autority related to nature, extent and likely
effects offsite of any
possible major accident
(c)afford to the local or port authority all
reasonable facilities upon request
Offsite ERP
Regulation 21 (3)
Local or port authority may prepare and
updating Offsite ERP
Distribution List
Amendment List
Equipment Maintenance Requirement
Training Requirement Schedule
Procedure Updates
Equipment Alarm Testing
Evaluation/Audit Reports
Debriefings
The Requirement of Incident Reports
Information
Information
Emergency
Format
Action
Procedure
and
Evacuation/Rescue/First Aid
(continued)
Communications
Notification
Emergency Termination
Special procedures
% Compliance
Distribution List
Amendment List
Equipment Maintenance Requirement
Training Requirement Schedule
Procedure Updates
Equipment Alarm Testing
Evaluation/Audit Reports
Debriefings
The Requirement of Incident Reports
33.3
40.0
6.7
26.7
53.3
0.0
6.7
0.0
6.7
% Compliance
Information
73.3
100.0
86.7
73.3
60.0
Aid
73.3
26.7
% Compliance
Information (continued)
33.3
20
0
53.3
% Compliance
86.7
93.3
80.0
53.3
26.7
20.0
% Compliance
20
% Compliance
93.3
80.0
66.7
66.7
66.7
20.0
60.0
53.3
53.3
% Compliance
33.3
40.0
6.7
% Compliance
6.7
% Compliance
86.7
53.3
93.3
66.7
86.7
80.0
26.7
46.7
% Compliance
6.7
73.3
33.3
6.7
60.0
26.7
66.7
6.7
OFF-SITE ERP
Local Authority
ARAHAN 20
APELL (Awareness and Preparedness of
Emergency at the Local Level)
SUMMARY
SAFETY REPORT OR SAFE
DEMONSTRATION IS AN AGREEMENT
BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE
COMPANY TO OPERATE THE PLANT
SAFELY
SAFETY REPORT and ERP NEED TO BE
REVIEWED WHEN THERE IS CHANGE OR
EVERY 3 YEARS
PENALTY - RM50,000 OR < 2 YEARS
IMPRISONMENT OR BOTH
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
(PART 3)
Test 2:
Hazard
vs
ERP at Work
(10%@ 30 min)
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
(PART 4)
Planning
Response
Recovery
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
EVALUATION
AND ASSESSMENT,
SMS
ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTION
Engineered
Shutdown System
LAST DEFENCE
Engineered
Shutdown System
Basic Process Controls
EMERGENCIES
DO NOT RESPECT
BOUNDARIES
HAZOP,
HAZAN,
QRA,
FTEA,
FTA,
JSA,
HSA, etc
CONTROL MANAGE
MITIGATE - RECOVERY
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Expertise on hazards awareness
Hazards of materials
Hazards from industrial activities :
operations/equipment/facilities
Hazards from activities of others
QUESTIONS ON HAZARDS
Does the management know enough about the
hazards?
Do the workers know enough about the
hazards?
Can the consequences of the hazardous event
be described?
What conditions are necessary for the hazards
to materialize?
CONSEQUENCE MODELS
Release of volatile
hazardous substance
Explosion and
fire models
Flammable
release
Toxic
release
Effect models
Risk calculation
Discharge and
dispersion models
Mitigation
factors
kPa (psi)
EFFECTS OF OVERPRESSURE
4 (0.5)
7 (1.0)
14 (2.0)
35 (5.0)
Probability
Consequence
H=8
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
M=4
XXX
XXX
XXX
L=2
XXX
XXX
N=1
NEG
XXX
N=1
L=2
M=4
H=8
H = 16
X = 32
NEG < 2
No action required
L=2-4
M = 5 -16
H = 17 32
XXX > 32
Cannot be tolerated
CONSEQUENCE : PERSONAL INJURY
PROPERTY DAMAGE
FINANCIAL LOSSES
Control of change
Contract and subcontract
Procurement
Information to
customers, neighbours
and others
Contingency/emergen
cy plans
TRAINING
Training is important to the effectiveness of
an emergency plan.
A sufficient number of persons must be
trained to assist in the safe and orderly
evacuation of employees.
Training for each type of disaster response
is necessary so that employees know what
actions are required.
Continue
Evacuation plans
Alarm systems
Reporting procedures
Shutdown procedures
Types of potential emergencies
PERSONAL PROTECTION
In emergency situations, employees may be exposed
to a wide variety of hazardous circumstances,
including :
Chemical splashes or contact with toxic materials
Falling objects and flying particles
Unknown atmospheres that may contain toxic
gases, vapors or mist, or inadequate oxygen to
sustain life
Fires and electrical hazards
Violence in the workplace
Continue
Continue
Respiratory protection is necessary for toxic atmospheres of
dust, mists, gases, or vapors and for oxygen-deficient
atmospheres.
4 categories of respirators :
Air-purifying devices
Examples : filters, gas masks
Air-supplied respirators
Examples : hose masks, air line respirators
Positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA)
Escape masks
Continue
Before assigning or using respiratory equipment, the
following conditions must be met :
A medical evaluation should be met.
Written procedures must be prepared covering safe use
and proper care of equipment
A fit test must be made.
A regular maintenance program must be instituted.
Distribution areas for equipment used in emergencies
must be readily accessible to employees.
Continue
Emergency situations may involve entering confined
spaces to rescue employees who are overcome by toxic
compounds or who lack oxygen.
Entry into permit-required confined spaces can expose the
employee to a variety of hazards including :
Toxic gases
Explosive atmospheres
Oxygen deficiency
Electrical hazards
Hazards by mixers and impellers.
Continue
If a permit-required confined space must be entered in an
emergency, the precautions below must be adhered to :
All lines containing inert, toxic, flammable, or
corrosive materials must be disconnected.
All impellers, agitators, or other moving equipment
inside the vessel must be locked out.
Appropriate personal protective equipment must be
worn before entering the vessel.
Rescue procedures must be specifically designed for
each entry.
Powder systems
halon systems
deluge systems
to cool equipment/
structures
to alarm people/
activate systems
detection systems
Tangki
Simpanan
Sembur Air
Saluran paip
Paip
Tegak
Basah
Alat pengesan
pam
Pengesan haba
dan asap
Pam wet riser
(standby)
Pam jockey
Meter Air
Pam sprinkler
booster
Pam wet
riser (duty)
Pam sprinkler
booster (duty)
Loceng
penggera
Pam jockey
Fire Door
Fire
Escapes
and
Staircas
es
Alarm System
Fire
Prevention
Evacuation
Area
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
(PART 3)
Emergency
Manual &
Procedures
PLANNING PROCESS
STEP 1
Establish a Planning Team
STEP 2
Analyze Capabilities and
Hazards
STEP 3
Develop the Plan
STEP 4
Implement the Plan
Notification
process
Pre plan
Points to look
Points to look
Points to look
Points to look
Points to look
DIRECTION
&
CONTROL
Emergency
Management
Elements
RECOVERY
&
RESTORATION
PROPERTY
PROTECTION
LIFESAFETY
ADMINISTRATION
&
LOGISTICS
COMMUNITY
OUTREACH
COMMUNICATIONS
SUMMARY
The more you know about
emergency & how to deal with
them, the less chance there is
for emergency situation.
DO NOT PANIC!
EVACUATION
Group 1
MAJOR SPILLAGE
Group 2
TOXIC RELEASE
Group 4
Operasi loji rawatan air bersih berjalan seperti biasa. Cuaca amat
baik dan berangin dari arah timur. Kerja-kerja memasukkan gas klorin
dari lori tangki sedang dilakukan oleh pemandu lori tanpa penyeliaan
pihak kilang. Tiba-tiba pemandu lori menjerit dan lari keluar dan jatuh
lalu pengsan dalam jarak 15 meter dari tempat kejadian. Di kuatiri
telah berlaku pelepasan gas klorin ke udara kerana gas kekuningan
naik ke atas dari bahagian paip sambungan. Injin lori masih hidup dan
pelepasan gas klorin masih berlaku.
SEVERE INJURY
Group 5
Pegawai keselamatan dan kesihatan (SHO) tidak sihat dan akan
pergi ke klinik. Jabatan Penyelangaraan telah memaklumkan bahawa
ada kontraktor akan membuat kerja-kerja perpaipan di bahagaian
pengeluaran. Semua peraturan telah disyaratkan kepada kontraktor
termasuklah bekerja di tempat tinggi dan terselindung. Kontraktor
bersetuju dan memulakan kerja. SHO mengarahkan penyelia untuk
memantau kontraktor dan pergi ke klinik. Tiba-tiba salah seorang
pekerja kontrak terjatuh dan mengalami kecederaan parah ditingkat 4.
Jangkakan apakah risiko & bahaya yang boleh memburukan lagi
keadaan. Bincangkan apakah yang perlu dilakukan oleh EMT dan
langkah-langkah kawalan yang diambil supaya kematian dapat
dielakkan.