WELCOME

TO
THE
PRESENTATION

STRUCTURAL Engineering

Submitted By:RAJ KAMAl

ROLL NO.1140744

INTRODUCTION
Structure Engineering :To Analyse and design the building Component
Structure engineering plays an important role
Because an engineer Knows all the Affecting Load
that is on the building .

Component of Building
Slab
Beam
Column
Foundation

Type of Slab
Two way Slab

L
2
S

L
2
S

One Way Slab

LOCAL RETROFITTING
The retrofitting in which we use to repair
only the structural elements is called local
retrofitting.
Examples :- beam and column etc.
Method of local retrofitting:1.Jacketing of column
2.Jacketing of beam

JACKETING OF COLUMN
It consist of added concrete with longitudinal
and transverse reinforcement around the
existing column.

JACKETING OF BEAM
It consist of added concrete with
longitudinal and transverse reinforcement
around the existing beam.

GLOBAL RETROFITTING
The retrofitting in which we use to repair the
whole structure is called global retrofitting.
Method of global retrofitting:1.Adding shear wall
2.Adding infill wall
3.Adding steel bracing

SHEAR WALL
A shear wall is composed of braced or shear
panel to counter the effect of lateral load
acting on the structure. shear wall is
provide to resist the earthquake forces.

INFILL WALL
A panel constructed from masonry usually
built in between the columns and beams
of the structural frame of a building is
called infill wall.

STEEL BRACING
Steel bracing is designed to resist wind and
earthquake forces. Bracing are designed to
work both in tension and compression.

ADVANCED RETROFITTING
TECHNIQUES
In advanced retrofitting technique we

In advanced retrofitting technique we

use various method such as

1.Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)

2.Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)
3.Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP)
4.Aramid fibre reinforced polymer (AFRP)

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER

It is a composite material made of a polymer
reinforced with fibres. It provide high
tensile strength to the structure.

CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED

POLYMER
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer are
composite material consist of matrix and
reinforcement. This fibre are extremely
strong.

GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED

POLYMER
This is a fibre reinforced polymer made of
plastic. This polymer is reinforced by fine
fibre of glass. This fibre is light in weight
and less strong than carbon fibre.

ARAMID FIBRE REINFORCED

POLYMER
Aramid fibre are a class of heat
resistant and strong synthetic fibre.
They are used in military application.

STRESS STRAIN CURVE

The stress strain curve for different fibre is:-

CASE STUDY
SONAI BRIDGE
The Sonai Bridge is a reinforced concrete T-beam
balanced cantilever type having single lane and
five spans. It is located on sonai-motinagar
Didarkosh road in the Cachar district of Assam.
General specification of bridge:The total length of reinforced
concrete bridge is 102m.The piers are twin solid
circular connected by a vertical diaphragm. The
bridge consist of six piers. Each pier has been
placed at a distance of 18.6m.

CAUSE OF DAMAGE OF
BRIDGE
The bridge was severely shaken on December
31, 1984 during an earthquake of M=5.6 on
Richter scale with its epicenter at about 6km
from the bridge. The basic cause of damage is
(a) The roller bearings of the main span were
generally displaced from their original position
which lead to the shifting of the superstructure
longitudinally as well as laterally.

(b) The piers were found tilted and cracked

indicating unequal settlement of soil.
(c) The well caps also got cracked
RETROFITTING TECHNIQUE:The retrofitting technique used for
reconstruction the bridge is jacketing the piers.

Thank you