Pore Pressure

Prediction
Adam Bachtiar Saban
22315010

Outline
WHAT is Pore Pressure ?
WHY Predict Pore Pressure ?
HOW to Predict Pore Pressure ?

WHAT is Pore Pressure ?

VES
Over Pressure

Depth

Pressure

WHY predict Pore Pressure ?

Risk & Cost Reduction
Well Bore Stability
Optimal Casing Seat
Selection
Mud Program Design

WHY predict Pore Pressure ?

pressure

PPG = pore pressure

gradient
Pore Pressure Gradient

Compaction
8.3 -9 ppg

MD = mud weight
gradient real

Overburden
Gradient

Top Overpressure

10-14 ppg

Under- compaction

Under compaction
+
Secondary Mechanism

FG = fracture
gradient

MD = mud weight
gradient ideal

Losing mud and

fracture risk

Effective
stress

PP

OBG = overburden
gradient

Well stability risks,

blow out

Damaging
Reservoir risks

Fluid expansion
> 15 ppg

depth

Bowers GL, 2001

Key requirement for safe well planning in over-pressured formations

How to Predict Pore Pressure ?

Pore Pressure Concept
Total Vertical Stress
Over Burden

Lithostatic Load
+
Fluid Column
Stress equation

Effective stress

Pore Pressure

=
Pore Fluids

Matrix

total PP = effective

Terzaghi, 1943

Different methods can be used to relate effective to velocity

How to Predict Pore Pressure ?

Eatons Method
PP = OBG - (OBG GHyd ) * (Vintobs /Vintnor)x
Vint

Depth

Effective stress gradient

PP

= Pore Pressure gradient(ppg or psi/ft)

OBG

= Overburden Gradient (ppg or psi/ft)

(z)

= Density from Gardner relation

1z

z 0

(z).dz

Ghyd = Hydrostatic gradient

Vintnor = Normal Compaction Trend for interval velocity (m/s)
Vintobs = Interval velocity observed (m/s)
Vintnor

= Exponent

Vintobs

Bowers Method

330
0

PPpressure = OB vertical stress - Effective stress

310
0
290
0

Bowers assumes an Effective stress - velocity

relationship
1

270
0
250
0
230
0
210
0

a1 Vint Vo b

Effective V=2575*
Stress (Esfuerzoeffect)1.4323

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

Where Vint = Interval velocity observed (m/s)

Vo= hydrostatic interval velocity

How to Predict Pore Pressure ?

Yan & Han Model
Velocity Transformation Concept as effective pressure function for pore pressure calculation (Yan and Han 2009)

Vp =Vpa (1- c )
Vp = P wave Velocity (m/s)
Vpa = asymptotic Velocity or Vp saturated (m/s)
c

= maximum velocity changes

b
Pd

= shape factor
= Differential pressure/ effective pressure

How to Predict Pore Pressure ?

3D
Seismic
Data
3D
Seismic
Data

SeismicWell
Synchroni
ze

Scaled
Velocity
Seismic

Density
Volume

Log Vp &
Rho

Gardner
Constant

SeismicWell
Synchroni
ze

3D
Seismic
Pore Pressure Prediction
DataDiagram

MDT/RF
T Data

HP
gradient
&
Formation
Pressure
Yan & Han
Effective
Pressure
Model
Pore
Pressure
Gardner
Constant

Pore Pressure Cube

Generation

Effective
stress

OBG - Effective stress = Pore Pressure

Thank You