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Table of Contents
1. Getting Started
2. The Importance of a First Draft
3. Doing Research
4. Bringing Research Into Your Paper
Quoting, Paraphrasing,
Summarizing
Avoiding Plagiarism
5. MLA-Style Documentation
6. APA-Style Documentation
7. Proofreading Strategies
Getting Started
Finding a Topic
Developing an Effective
Research Question
Finding a Topic
If you care about the topic, you will care about your
paper.
Developing an Effective
Research Question
Too Broad:
---- What is Attention Deficit Disorder?
More Focused:
---- Is diet an effective treatment for
Attention Deficit Disorder?
Drafts
Brainstorming
Before you begin doing any research, take some
time to brainstorm.
Freewriting
Freewriting is nonstop writing. Set aside ten or
Clustering
While brainstorming and freewriting are ways to
Using Drafts
Most writers cannot sit down and, in one setting,
Using Drafts
Doing Research
For this presentation, we do not have time to
worth gold:
you.
They can show you how to
It is free.
It is vast.
It is democratic.
It is accessible 24 hours a day.
Anyone can post anything.
Points to Remember
(About Writing a Research Paper)
Writing a research paper is like writing any other
Print Sources
A print source can be a periodical or a non-
periodical.
Non-Print Sources
A non-print source can include, but is not limited
Electronic Sources
An electronic source can refer to a source found
What is a Citation?
When you bring research (quotations,
source.
What to Cite
Quotations: Someone elses exact words,
Quoting
When you quote, you borrow an authors exact
words.
Use a quotation when
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is putting material (including major
Example of a Paraphrase
Original Text (from James C. Stalker, Official English or English Only)
We cannot legislate the language of the home, the
street, the bar, the club, unless we are willing to set up a
cadre of language police who will ticket and arrest us if
we speak something other than English (21).
Paraphrase
Stalker points out that in a democracy like the United
States, it is not feasible to have laws against the use of
a language and it certainly would not be possible to
make police enforce such laws in homes and public
places (21).
Example taken from Pocket Keys for Writers
by Ann Raimes
Summarizing
Summaries are often less detailed than
paraphrases.
What is Plagiarism?
It is fine to bring the words and ideas of other
academic offense.
Avoiding Plagiarism
In order to avoid plagiarism, be sure that you not
What is MLA?
If you are writing a research paper in English,
Association.
Points to Remember
(About MLA-Style Documentation)
All written material (the body of your paper and
In-text Citations
Works Cited Page
Integrating Research
There are only two pieces of information that
(Smith 165)
(Recent 23)
Examples
Many young women, from all races and classes,
More Examples
In California, fish and game officials estimate that
Signal Phrases
Signal phrases help you to transition from your
Examples
The sociologist Ruth Sidels interviews with
According to
In the words of
In a recent study by
double-spaced
alphabetized
Works Cited
work from
an anthology
with a
translator
on-line
professional
site
anon. article in a
magazine
article in a journal
that pages issues
separately
book two
authors
U of Chicago P, 1980.
Works Cited
article in a
newspaper
journal article
with continuous
pagination (from
a database)
book one
author
on-line
professional
site with author
interview
APA-Style Documentation
What is APA?
How To Integrate Research Into the
What is APA?
If you are writing a paper for the sciences or
Points to Remember
(About APA-Style Documentation)
All written material (the body of your paper and
journal.
Underline or italicize journal titles and volume
numbers.
Capitalize only the first significant word and only
Integrating Research
With APA, there are generally two pieces of
(Davis, 1978)
Examples
If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling
Important to Note
In the first example on the previous page, the
More Examples
Patterson and Linden (1981) agreed that the
Signal Phrases
As with MLA-style documentation, it is helpful to
Creating a References
Page
A References page contains the full
double-spaced
alphabetized
Reference
journal article
one author
journal article
five authors
from a
database
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L.
A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor
performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449.
Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
book with
editors
online document
private
organization
no date
Greater New Milford (Ct) Area Healthy Community 2000. Task Force
on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.) Who has time for a family
meal? You do! Retrieved October 5, 2000, from http//:www.family
mealtime.org
References
corporate
author
report from
govt printing
office
New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure.
journal article
two authors
References
magazine
article
book, one
author
Posner, M.I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262,
673-674.
Shaller, G.B. (1993). The last panda. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Sleek, S. (1996, January). Psychologists build a culture if
online
newspaper
article
unknown
author, book
Times Books.
Proofreading Strategies
How to Make Your Paper Perfect (or at least your
best work)
Time
Patience
Will
Time
Patience
Will
Time
Patience
Will
Time
Proofreading takes time.
Punctuation
Spelling
In-text citations
of eyes.
sentence.
Sounds crazy?
It works.
Patience
Does this method sound like a lot of work?
It is.
Have patience with yourself. The more you write
Will
Writing (even a research paper) is a craft.
Mastering the craft requires practice and hard
work.
Confucius says
I hear, and I forget.
I see, and I remember.
I do, and I understand.
The more you writethe more research
papers you writethe easier writing will
be and the better writer you will become.
This is the truth!
Good luck!