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LAW
PROBATION DEFINED
PURPOSE OF PROBATION
UNDER ACT NO. 4221
The
The history of probation started at Boston in 1841 when John Augustus, a cobbler
stood bail for a drunkard. The drunkard, while under Augustus supervision was
taught the art of shoe making and started to show signs of reform. This prompted
Augustus to extend the project. In fact he supervised close to 2,000 persons during
the following years of his life. In the course of his dealings with the offenders, he
developed several features some of which, as will be seen later, became standard
practices of probation.
These features included selectivity of screening, supervision of the activities of the
offenders, use of community resources, the provision of a place for the offenders'
dependents, submission of progress reports to the court, and the maintenance of
the record filing system.1 Augustus' work was carried on by Rufus R. Cook,
Chaplain of the County Jail and Representative of the Boston Children's Aid
Society and Matthew David XIV of Birmingham, England. The same procedure as
developed by Augustus was used. However, investigations were scanty, probation
periods short, and plans of treatment and supervision were not much in evidence.2
Probation became firmly established during the second half of the 19th century
when in 1878, the State of Massachusetts started the first paid probation officer
for the courts of Criminal Jurisdiction in the City of Boston.On March 4, 1925,
through the efforts of Charles Lionel Chute, the First Federal Probation Act of the
United States was approved
With the promulgation of Presidential Decree No. 968, the discriminatory effect of Section 11 of the old
Probation Law was totally removed.
Section 23 of the new Probation Law expressly and explicitly provides that "There shall be at least one
probation officer in each province and city who shall be appointed by the Secretary of Justice upon
recommendation of the Administrator and in accordance with civil service law and rules."
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Probation- is a disposition under which a
defendant after conviction and sentence, is
released subject to conditions imposed by the
court and to the supervision of a probation officer
Probationer- means a person placed on probation.
Probation Officer- means one who investigates for
the court a referral for probation or supervision a
probationer or both.
EXCEPTIONS;
(a)
DISQUALIFIED OFFENDERS
(a) sentenced to serve a maximum term of
imprisonment of more than six years;
(b) convicted of any offense against the security of the
State;
(c) who have previously been convicted by final
judgment of an offense punished by imprisonment of
not less than one month and one day and/or a fine of
not less than Two Hundred Pesos;
(d) who have been once on probation under the
provisions of this Decree; and
(e) who are already serving sentence at the time the
substantive provisions of this Decree became
applicable pursuant to Section 33 hereof.
CONDITIONS OF PROBATION
(a)
EFFECTIVITY OF PROBATION
ORDER
MODIFICATION OF CONDITIONS OF
PROBATION
During
PERIOD OF PROBATION
(a) The period of probation of a defendant
sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not
more than one year shall not exceed two years,
and in all other cases, said period shall not
exceed six years.
(b) When the sentence imposes a fine only and
the offender is made to serve subsidiary
imprisonment in case of insolvency, the period
of probation shall not be less than nor to be
more than twice the total number of days of
subsidiary imprisonment as computed at the
rate established, in Article thirty-nine of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended.
TERMINATION OF PROBATION
After the period of probation and upon consideration
of the report and recommendation of the probation
officer, the court may order the final discharge of the
probationer upon finding that he has fulfilled the
terms and conditions of his probation and thereupon
the case is deemed terminated.
The final discharge of the probationer shall operate
to restore to him all civil rights lost or suspend as a
result of his conviction and to fully discharge his
liability for any fine imposed as to the offense for
which probation was granted.
The probationer and the probation officer shall each
be furnished with a copy of such order.
QUALIFICATIONS OF PROBATION
ADMINISTRATOR AND ASST. ADMINISTRATOR
To be eligible for Appointment as Administrator
or Assistant Probation Administrator:
a person must be at least thirty-five years of
age,
holder of a master's degree or its equivalent in
either criminology, social work, corrections,
penology, psychology, sociology, public
administration, law, police science, police
administration, or related fields,
and should have at least five years of
supervisory experience, or be a member of the
Philippine Bar with at least seven years of
supervisory experience.
MISCELLANEOUS POWERS OF
PROVINCIAL AND CITY PROBATION
OFFICERS.
QUALIFICATIONS OF REGIONAL,
ASSISTANT REGIONAL, PROVINCIAL, AND
CITY PROBATION OFFICERS
VIOLATION OF CONFIDENTIAL
NATURE OF PROBATION RECORDS.
The
penalty
of
imprisonment
ranging from six months and one day
to six years and a fine ranging from
hundred to six thousand pesos shall
be imposed upon any person who
violates Section 17 hereof.
DISTINCTIONS
Parole
Probation
Probation
Suspension of Sentence
A suspension of sentence
postpones execution of sentence
for a definite time
CONCEPT OF PROBATION
The basic legal conception of probation in the Decree
are twofold:
First, as a conditional suspension of the execution of
sentence; and
Second, as a personal care or treatment and
supervision over the probationer.
The former denotes that the court assumes a
primary role because a grant of probation is
judicially dispensed and controlled.
The latter indicates the administrative aspect of
probation through the supervision of a probation
officer and from the point of view of social workers, a
social casework treatment.
To
CONDITIONS OF PROBATION
A. Present himself to the probation officer
designated to undertake supervisions at such
place as may be specified in the order within 72
hours from the receipt of the order.
B. Report to the probation officer at least, once a
month at which time and place as specified by the
said officer.
2.
3.
Sec.