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(490ft) above sea level in the city ofAthens, with a surface area
of about 3hectares. It was also known asCecropia, after the
legendaryserpent-man,Cecrops, the first Athenian king. While
the earliest artifacts date to the MiddleNeolithicera, there have
been documented habitations inAtticafrom the Early Neolithic
(6th millennium BC). There is little doubt that aMycenaean
megaronstood upon the hill during the lateBronze Age
ON THE GLOBE
PROPYLAEA
Propylaea,PropyleaorPropylaia is any monumentalgatewaybased
on the original Propylaea that serves as the entrance to theAcropolisin
Athens. The wordpropylaea(propylaeumis the Latin version) is the
union of theprefixpro(before or in front of) plus the plural of the
Greekpylonorpylaion(gate), meaning literally that which is before the
gates, but the word has come to mean simplygate building.The
Brandenburg GateofBerlinand thePropylaeainMunichare specifically
copied from the central portion of the Propylaea.
PARTHENON
TheParthenon(Greek:) is atempleon theAthenian Acropolis,
Greece, dedicated to theGreek goddessAthena, whom the people of
Athens considered their virgin patron. Its construction began in 447BC
when the Athenian Empire was at the height of its power. It was
completed in 438BC, although decoration of the Parthenon continued
until 432BC. It is the most important surviving building of
Classical Greece, generally considered the culmination of the
development of theDoric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered
some of the high points ofGreek art.
ERECHTHEION
TheErechtheion(Greek:) is an ancientGreek templeon the
north side of theAcropolisofAthensinGreece.
The temple as seen today was built between 421 and 405 BC. Itsarchitect
may have beenMnesicles, and it derived its name from a shrine
dedicated to the legendaryGreek heroErichthonius. The sculptor and
mason of the structure was Phidias, who was employed by Pericles to
build both the Erechtheum and the Parthenon. Some have suggested that
it may have been built in honor of the legendary kingErechtheus, who is
said to have been buried nearby. Erechtheus was mentioned in
Homer'sIliadas a great king and ruler of Athens during the Archaic
Period,
ATHENA PROMACHOS
TheAthena Promachos wasacolossalbronzestatueofAthenasculptedby
Pheidias,whichstoodbetweenthePropylaeaandtheParthenonontheAcropolis
ofAthens.Athenawasthegoddessofwisdomandwarriorsandtheprotectressof
Athens.PheidiasalsosculptedtwootherfiguresofAthenaontheAcropolis,the
hugegoldandivory("chryselephantine")cultimageofAthena Parthenosinthe
ParthenonandtheLemnian Athena.ThedesignationAthena Promachosisnot
attestedbeforeadedicatoryinscriptionoftheearlyfourthcenturyBC.Pausanias
forone,referredtoitas"thegreatbronzeAthena"ontheAcropolis.
THEATRE OF DIONYSUS
TheTheatre of Dionysus Eleuthereusis a major open-airtheatreand
one of the earliest preserved inAthens. It was used for festivals in honour
of the godDionysus. It is sometimes confused with the later and betterpreservedOdeon of Herodes Atticus, located nearby on the southwest
slope of theAcropolis.
ODEON OF HERODES
TheOdeon of Herodes Atticusis astonetheatre structure located on
the south slope of theAcropolis of Athens. It was built in 161 AD by the
Athenian magnateHerodes Atticusin memory of his wife,Aspasia Annia
Regilla. It was originally a steep-sloped amphi theaterwith a three-story
stone front wall and a wooden roof made of expensive,cedar of Lebanon
timber. It was used as a venuefor music concerts with a capacity of
5,000.
ELEUSINION
AnAtheniantemple toDemeter, theEleusinionwas the place where all
sacred objects associated with theEleusinian Mysterieswere kept
between ceremonies. It was located at the base of theAcropolis.
The Eleusinion played an important role in thePanathenaic festival.
CHALKOTHEKE
TheChalkotheke(Greekfor "bronze store") was a structure on the
Athenian Acropolis. Its name and function are only known from 4th
century BC inscriptions.[1]One decree orders the listing of all objects
stored in the Chalkotheke and the erection of asteleinscribed with that
list in front of the building.[2]
PANDROSEION
ThePandroseionwas a sanctuary dedicated toPandrosus, one of the
daughters ofCecrops I, the first king of AtticaGreece, located on the
Acropolis of Athens. It occupied the space adjacent to theErechtheumand
the oldTemple of Athena Polias.
The sanctuary was a walled trapezoidal courtyard containing the altar of
Zeus Herkeios(protector of the hearth, of the courtyard) under the sacred
Olive Tree planted by Athena. At the west was an entrance stoa from the
propylea.
SANCTUARY OF ZEUS
POLIEUS
TheSanctuary of Zeus Polieuswas a no walled open-air sanctuary
dedicated toZeus Polieus (city protector)around500 BCon the
Acropolis of Athens, sited to theErechtheion's east. None of its
foundations have been discovered and its trapezoid plan and many
entrances have been worked out from rock cuttings on the acropolis.
The eastern area of the sanctuary is thought to have housed the oxen
for the annualBouphoniaor ox-sacrificing. Its main entrance had a
pediment.
STOA OF EUMENES