Tourism as an interrelated system

business and activities

(transportations, accommodations,
travel agencies, public relations,
destinations)
Tourism Industry

Definition of Tourism
The activities of persons travelling to and
staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business or
other purposes.
(UN-WTO)

Benefits of Tourism
One of the worlds most important sources
of employment
It stimulates investment in infrastructure
which ultimately improves the living
conditions of local people
it promotes intercultural understanding
and awareness between countries

 It can improve the standard of living

through the income
It can lead to economic and social
development
It assists job creation in rural areas
thus discouraging the residents from
migrating
(according to WTO)

VISITOR
Any person visiting a country
TOURISTS
EXCURSIONISTS
at least 24 hours
temporary
less than 24 hours
INTERNATIONAL

DOMESTIC

Tourism Industry Sectors

Tourism Product
Tangible
Heterogeneous
Traditional/Dynamic

Tourism Service
Intangible:

Reasons for Travel

Modes of tour organization

Independent tour
Package tour
Composition of the tour
Tourists
excursionists

Tourist destination varieties

Natural or Constructed (man-made)
According to geographical features:
Seaside tourism (beach, coast)
Rural tourism (countryside)
Urban tourism (city/town)

To appeal a large number of tourists:

1. Attractions (physical features)
Site: permanent by nature
Event: temporary, short timescale
2. Amenities (accommodation & food,
local transport, information center,
infrastructure)
3. Accessibility

THE TOURISM IMPACTS

1. ECONOMIC:
data statistics on tourist contribution
identifying trends in the market,
pattern of growth, changing demand
for destination, facilities or types of
holiday establishing infrastructure &
superstructure

Two tourism areas: receiving &

generating areas
Two forms of expenditure: import &
export
Four effects on tourism: income,
employment, balance of payments and
investment and development

 Tourism income the number of

tourists, rent
& profits
of tourism business
direct, indirect, induced
According to the WTTC, employment
(seasonal) will rise to more than 296
million jobs by 2018. However,
developments in technology (CSR) are
threatening labor opportunities in
tourism.

 Tourism
a countrys balance of
payments on the tourism account
Negative
Positive
Balance of payments total value of
receipts minus total payment made
during the year.
Investment
tourists
chicken & egg situation

2. SOCIOCULTURAL:
Locals can experience dissatisfaction
with tourists own standard of living or
way of life and seek to emulate those.
Job opportunities and the higher level of
pay in the tourism industry have workers
abandon their traditional values.
Human exploitation

3. TOURISTS HEALTH
Severe sunburn skin cancer
Contaminated food
Tropical diseases
Sexual

4. POLITICOCULTURAL effects
The growth in terrorism travel &
nations
5. ENVIRONMENTAL effects
Pollution
Congestion & erosion
Danger to flora & fauna