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Sampling:
Final and Initial Sample
Size Determination
12-1
Chapter Outline
1) Overview
2) Definitions and Symbols
3) The Sampling Distribution
4) Statistical Approaches to Determining Sample
Size
5) Confidence Intervals
i.
ii.
2007
12-2
Chapter Outline
8) Adjusting the Statistically Determined Sample
Size
9) Non-response Issues in Sampling
i.
ii.
2007
12-3
2007
12-4
2007
12-5
Table 12.1
Population
Sample
Mean
Proportion
Variance
s2
Standard deviation
Size
S_
x
Sp
2007
Variable
(X-)/
/
(X-X)/ S
S/ X
12-6
zU=
where
is
X U
x
zL
X L=zx
X U=+zx
2007
is
12-7
X z
x
X + 1.96
= 182.00 + 1.96(3.18)
= 182.00 + 6.23
2007
12-8
0.47
5
_
XL
2007
0.47
5
_
X
_
XU
12-9
2007
12-10
95%
95%
95%
z value
1.96
1.96
1.96
$5
$5
$4
$55
$40
$30
465
246
217
2007
12-11
2007
12-12
Reducing
Refusals
Methods of Improving
Response Rates
Reducing
Not-at-Homes
Prior
Motivating Incentives Questionnair Follow-Up Other
e Design
Facilitators
Notification Respondents
and
Administratio
n
Callbacks
2007
12-13
2007
12-14
2007
12-15
2007
12-16
2007
12-17
Average
Expenditure
Dollar
Percentage of Previous
Waves Response
First Mailing
12
412
__
Second Mailing
18
325
79
Third Mailing
13
277
85
Nonresponse
(57)
(230)
91
Total
100
275
2007
12-18
2007
12-19
2007
12-20
Finding Probabilities
Corresponding
to12A.1
Known Values
Figure
Area is 0.3413
2007
+1
+2
+3
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
+1
+2
+3
Z
(=50,=5)
Scale
ZScale
12-21
Finding Probabilities
Corresponding
Figure 12A.2
to Known Values
Area is
0.500
Area is
0.450
Area is
0.050
X
2007
-Z
50
X
Scale
Z
Scale
12-22
Area is
0.475
Area is
0.025
Area is
0.025
X
2007
-Z
50
X
Scale
Z
Scale
12-23
-Z
2007
12-24
2007
12-25