CONJUNCTIONS

AND
INTERJECTIONS
RIZQI MUHAMMAD HUMAMI

201401058

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

CONJUNCTIO
NS
A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases,
clauses, or sentences. Conjunctions are considered to be invariable
grammar particle, and they may or may not stand between items they
conjoin.

Examples
I tried to hit the nailbuthit my thumb instead.
of
I have two goldfishanda cat.
Id like a bikeforcommuting to work.
Conjuncti
You can have peach ice creamora brownie sundae.
Neither the black dressnor the gray one looks right on me.
My dad always worked hardsowe could afford the things we wanted.
ons
I try very hard in schoolyetI am not receiving good grades.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinate conjunction performs two functions within a sentence. First, it
illustrates the importance of the independent clause. Second, it provides a
transition between two ideas in the same sentence. The transition always
indicates a place, time, or cause and effect relationship

Ex.
AsSherri blew out the candles atop her birthday cake, she caught her hair on fire.
Yuka begins to sneeze whenever she opens the window to get a breath of fresh air.
When the doorbell rang, my dog Ciko barked loudly.

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Subordinating conjunctions are parts of speech that join dependent clauses to

independent clauses.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Correlative Conjunctions

As suggested by their name, correlative conjunctions correlate, working in

pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence.
Like many of the most interesting parts of speech, correlative conjunctions are
fun to use. At the same time, there are some important rules to remember for
using them correctly.
When using correlative conjunctions, ensure verbs agree so your
sentences make sense.
For example: Every night, either loud music or fighting neighbors wake
John from his sleep.
When you use a correlative conjunction, you must be sure
that pronouns agree.
For example : Neither Desi norSally expressed her annoyance when the
cat broke the antique lamp.
When using correlative conjunctions, be sure to keep parallel structure
intact. Equal grammatical units need to be incorporated into the entire
sentence.
For example: Notonlydid Mary grill burgers for Michael, butshealsofixed
a steak for her dog, Vinny.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating Conjunctions

Its a good idea to use the mnemonic FANBOYS to memorize coordinating

conjunctions so youll never forget them. They are:
F= for
Ex.
A= and
N= nor
You can eat your cake with a spoonor fork.
B= but
My dog enjoys being bathed but hates getting his nails
O= or
trimmed.
Y= yet
Bill refuses to eat peas,nor will he touch carrots.
S= so
I hate to waste a drop of gas,for it is very expensive these
days.

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Coordinating conjunctions coordinate or join two or more sentences, main

clauses, words, or other parts of speech which are of the same syntactic
importance. Also known as coordinators, coordinating conjunctions are used to
give equal emphasis to a pair of main clauses.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Conjunctive Adverbs
Like other adverbs, conjunctive adverbs may be moved around in the
sentence or clause in which they appear. This is just one of the things youll
need to remember; additional rules for using conjunctive adverbs follow:
1. Always use a period or semicolon before the conjunctive adverb when
separating two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are not strong
enough to join independent clauses without supporting punctuation.
2. Use a comma if a conjunction such asand, but, or, or so appears
between the conjunctive adverb and the first clause.
3. Use a comma behind conjunctive adverbs when they appear at the
beginning of a sentences second clause. The only exception to this rule is
that no comma is necessary if the adverb is a single syllable.
4. If a conjunctive adverb appears in the middle of a clause, it should be
enclosed in commas most of the time. This is not an absolute rule and
does not normally apply to short clauses.
.

TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS

Ex.
Jeremy kept talking in class;therefore, he got in trouble.
She went into the store;however,she didnt find anything she
wanted to buy.
I like you a lot;in fact, I think we should be best friends.
Your dog got into my yard;in addition, he dug up my petunias.
Youre my friend;nonetheless,I feel like youre taking advantage
of me.
My car payments are high;on the other hand,I really enjoy
driving such a nice vehicle.

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Conjunctive Adverbs

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

interjeCTION
S

The interjection is a part of speech which is more commonly used in informal

language than in formal writing or speech. Basically, the function of
interjections is to express emotions or sudden bursts of feelings. They can
express a wide variety of emotions such as: excitement, joy, surprise, or disgust.

Interjections are generally used at the beginnings of sentences,

but they may come anywhere in the sentence
Atthebeginning: Gee, that's not very nice.
Attheend: You like that ice cream, huh?
Inthemiddle: I found that, yes, I had forgotten my toothbrush.

Punctuating interjections

Hint:
Interjections reflect the way we speak in informal situations. They are generally avoided
when writing in formal or academic situations.

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

Interjections that express strong emotion are followed with an exclamation

mark.
Ex :Oh no! I forgot to do my homework!
Mild interjections are set off from the sentence with a comma.
Ex :Rats, it's raining again.
Questioning interjections are followed by a question mark.
Ex :Huh? You want me to do what?
Occasionally an interjection might take a period, especially if it is at the end of
the sentence.
Ex :Hey. What page are we on?
(Note: Here hey is used to get attention before asking the question, so it isn't
part of the question. It's not exclaimed, however, or the speaker might get in
trouble.)

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

The table below shows some interjections with examples.

interjection

meaning
expressing pleasure

"Ah, that feels good."

expressing realization

"Ah, now I understand."

expressing resignation

"Ah well, it can't be

heped."

expressing surprise

"Ah! I've won!"

expressing grief or pity

"Alas, she's dead now."

expressing pity

"Oh dear! Does it hurt?"

expressing surprise

"Dear me! That's a

surprise!"

ah

alas

example

dear

The table below shows some interjections with examples.

interjection

meaning

example
"It's hot today." "Eh?" "I said
it's hot today."

expressing enquiry

"What do you think of that,

eh?"

expressing surprise
inviting agreement

"Eh! Really?"
"Let's go, eh?"

expressing hesitation

"Lima is the capital

of...er...Peru."

expressing greeting

"Hello John. How are you

today?"

expressing surprise
calling attention
expressing surprise, joy etc

"Hello! My car's gone!"

"Hey! look at that!"
"Hey! What a good idea!"

hi

expressing greeting

"Hi! What's new?"

hmm

expressing hesitation, doubt

"Hmm. I'm not so sure."
or disagreement

eh

er
hello, hullo
hey

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

asking for repetition

STIKOM YOS SUDARSO 2016

The table below shows some interjections with examples.

interjection

meaning

example

expressing surprise

"Oh! You're here!"

expressing pain

"Oh! I've got a toothache."

expressing pleading

"Oh, please say 'yes'!"

ouch

expressing pain

"Ouch! That hurts!"

uh

expressing hesitation

"Uh...I don't know the answer

to that."

uh-huh

expressing agreement

"Shall we go?" "Uh-huh."

um, umm

expressing hesitation

"85 divided by 5 is...um...17."

expressing surprise

"Well I never!"

introducing a remark

"Well, what did he say?"

oh, o

well

SOURCE

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar
rules/conjunctions
https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module7/conjunctions-and-interjections/lesson8/interjections
http://www.gallaudet.edu/tip/englishcenter/grammar-and-vocabulary/conjunctionsand-interjections.html

THANK YOU

DESIGN
BY RH96