ADVERB CLAUSE

- Reason clauses - Purpose clauses - Result

clauses - Contrast clauses - Conditional clauses

Reason Clauses

- An adverb reason clause answers the question Why?

- A reason clause can come before or after the independent clause in
a sentence.

Reason Subordinators
because

I couldn't go to Paris last week because all the trains

were booked out.

since

Since he had not paid the bill, his electricity was cut off.

as

As he was not there, I left a message with his mother.

Result Clauses

- An adverb result clause expresses the effect or consequence of

the information in the independent clause.
- A result clause follows the independent clause in a sentence.

Result Subordinators
1 so + adjective/adverb + that
- Janes clean food business is so successful that she hired five new
employees last week.
- Anny lived so hardly that she found someone who can help her from
this bad situation.

Result Subordinators
2 such a(an) + noun + that
- Beer wants to be such a model that he is taking a birth-control pill
for being as a girl.

3so much/many + noun + that

- Studying Business English Program takes so much time that

students dont have their time to sleeping.
- There were so many books on the subject that Oeii didnt know
where
to begin.

Result Subordinators
4so little/few + noun + that
- Teacher has so little prepared time for traveling that she tells
her husband to pack her bag.

- Gul eats so few calories food that she is very thin.

Purpose Clauses

- An adverb purpose clause states the purpose of the action in

the independent clause.
- A purpose normally follows the independent clause, but you may put it at
the beginning of a sentence if you want to especially emphasize it.
Direct Opposition Subordinators
so that

I study hard so that I can pass the exam.

in order
that

I save my money in order that I will be able to go to

Korea.

NOTE
S

Purpose Clauses

- In order that is formal.

- The modals may/might, can/could/ will/would, or have to usually
occur in a purpose clause.
- We often use the phrase in order to + Vi or simply to + Vi
when the subjects of both the independent clause and the purpose
clause are the same person or thing.
- We prefer to + verb over in order to + verb because it is shorter.
The first example above could be written as follows because the two
subjects refer to the same people.
I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
I study hard to can pass the exam.

Contrast Clauses

There are two type of adverb clauses that express contrast: direct opposition
clauses and concession clauses.

Direct Opposition
Clauses
Concession Clauses
(Unexpected Result)

Contrast Clauses

Direct Opposition
Clauses
Direct Opposition Subordinators

wherea San Francisco is cool during the summer, whereas Thailand is

s
generally hot.
while

While most homes in San Francisco do not have air

conditioning, it is a necessary in Thailand.

Contrast Clauses

NOTE
S
- While and whereas have the same meaning and are
interchangeable.
- Use a comma between the two clauses no matter which
order they are in. (This is an exception to the comma rule for adverb
clauses.)

- Since the two ideas are exact opposites, you can put the
subordinator with either clause, and the clauses can be
either order.
EX. Ordinary women shy to use birth-control pills, whereas
hermaphrodites take it normally.

Contrast Clauses

Concession Clauses(Unexpected
Result)

Direct Opposition Subordinators

Although

Although Beer is look like a woman, he is not.

Even
though

I like to take a shower with hot water, even though

Its in summer.

Though

Though Gullayanee is fat, she is still cute.

Contrast Clauses

NOTE
S
1. Although, even though, and though have almost same
meaning. Though is less formal. Even though is a little
stronger than although.
2. Some writers follow the normal comma rule for adverb
clauses: Use a comma only when the concession clause
comes before the independent clause. Other writers use
a comma between the two clauses no matter which order
they are in.
3. Be careful about which clause you use the subordinator
with. Sometimes you can use it with either clause, but not
EX. I went swimming, even though the water was freezing.
always.
Even though I went swimming, the water was freezing.

Conditional Clauses

- A conditional clause states a condition for a result to happen or not

happen.
- A conditional clause can come before or after an independent clause.

Conditional Subordinators

If

- If you attend, you will get good grades. [1]

- The mayor would have lost the election if the labor unions had not
supported him. [3]

unles - Unless you study, you will not get good grades. [1]
s
- The mayor cannot govern unless the labor unions support him. [0]

NOTE
S

Conditional Clauses
Pattern

1. Present time [0]

TRUE CONDITION

2. Future time [1]
TRUE CONDITION

3. Present or Future time

[2]
UNTRUE CONDITION

Verb form in
the if clause
Present

Verb form in
the independent clause
Present

If you have a college

education,

you earn more money.

Present

Future

If I do not eat vegetables

every day,

I will have constipation.

Simple past

would + Vi

If you were beautiful,

you would be the winner

of miss universe.

Past perfect

Would+have+V3

[in present or future]
4. Past time [3]

Conditional Clauses

Unless = If
not

- You cannot get a refund unless you have a

receipt.
- Unless you get at least 90% on the final exam,
you will not get an A in the class.

Please do the exercise.

THANK YOU

And Good Luck with the final exam

Members
Gasidej
Pothip
573080821-5
Gullayanee Sukhotprommee
573080180-7
Prapapat Pratoomrat
573080842-7