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ACIDS
BASES AND
SALTS
Basic
7
Acid
14
PH SCALEE
Acidic
Neutral
Base
[H+]
pH
10-14
14
10-13
13
10-12
12
10-11
11
10-10
10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
1 M NaOH
Ammonia
(household
cleaner)
Blood
Pure water
Milk
Vinegar
Lemon juice
Stomach acid
1 M HCl
Example:
NH3
+ H 2O
(Base)
Base)
(Acid)
NH4+
OH-
Bronsted-Lowry acid:
Bronsted-Lowry base:
Acids
Strong
The
If
Acid
Sour taste
Turns blue litmus red
Reacts with some metals to produce H2
Dissolves carbonate salts, releasing CO2
Base
Bitter taste
Turns red litmus blue
Slippery to the touch
Questions:
pH
If
If
pH
PH AND PH CALCULATIONS
pH = - log [H+]
There
pOH
= - log [OH-]
where
ions
pH
At
At
Calculating pH
The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of
hydrogen ion concentration
pH = - log [H+]
Examples:
What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion
concentration of 1 x 10-8 M?
pH = - log (10-8)
pH = 8
Examples:
What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution with a pH of 5?
[H+] = 10-5 M
pH to pOH:
Because the sum of pH and pOH always equals
14, to find the pOH is accomplished by
subtracting the pH from 14.
pH + pOH = 14
Example:
What is the pOH when the pH of a solution is
12.5?
12.5 + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 12.5
pOH = 1.5
PH INDICATORS
One
Review:
1. What is the relationship between the pH
of a solution and the concentration of
hydrogen ions in the solution?
2. If you know the pOH of a solution,
how
can you determine its pH?
NEUTRALIZATION
Example:
NEUTRALIZATION OF BUG
BITES
ACID-BASE TITRATION
TITRATION
Titration
standard solution
Analytical
method in
which a standard solution
is used to determine the
concentration of an
unknown solution.
unknown solution
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
TITRATION
Determined
by
dramatic change in pH
BUFFERS