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INTRODUCTION
Zulfiqar.ali@cs.uol.edu.pk
https
://sites.google.com/a/cs.uol.edu.pk/geo_inf
ormatics
/
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GEOINFORMATICS
LECTURE # 01 & 02
OUTLINE
Definitions of GIS
GIS Data types
Origins of GIS
Why use GIS?
Applications of GIS
GIS Soft wares
WHAT IS GIS
WHAT IS GIS ?
WHAT IS GIS ?
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Cartographic view
Database view
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hardware
software
data
people
organizational/institutional context
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Hardware
computer
monitor
printer
network infrastructure
Software
The GIS application
may be modular
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Data
spatial
attribute
Metadata
People
application authors
administrators who maintain system
expert users
casual users
consumers of GIS products
management
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Organizational/Institutional Context
mission of organization
organizational atmosphere
encourage innovation
deep-rooted bureaucracy resistant to change
management
hierarchy
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Data
Data
Data
Data
input
management (storage/retrieval)
manipulation/analysis
output
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Data input
1)
getting
2)
Data manipulation/analysis
3)
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RASTER DATA
Each cell will have a value corresponding to its land cover type.
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VECTOR DATA
In the vector data model, features on the earth are
represented as
points
lines /routes
polygons /regions
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STRUCTURE OF A
RASTER DATA FILE
structure of a vector
data file.
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Usually non-spatial
Though some may be related to the spatial
character of the phenomena under study
Examples: area, perimeter
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DOCUMENTATION
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ORIGINS OF GIS
1950s in Geography
Canada
US
Census
vendors
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Applications of GIS:
Four basic categories:
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Applications of GIS
environmental/natural resource management:
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Applications of GIS
infrastructure management
public works
utilities
transportation
(relationship with CAD/CAM)
commercial
market area analysis
site selection
routing
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Environmental Sciences
Political Science
Redistricting
Analysis of election results
Predictive modeling
Civil Engineering/Utility
Business
Real Estate
Demographic Analysis
Market Penetration/ Share Analysis
Site Selection
Education Administration
Health Care
Epidemiology
Needs Analysis
Service Inventory
Query Input
Output: Display
and Reporting
Geographic
Database
Transformation and
Analysis
Geography
and related:
cartography
geodesy
photogrammetry
landforms
spatial statistics.
GIS
Application
Area:
public admin.
planning
geology
mineral
exploration
forestry
site selection
marketing
civil
engineering
criminal justice
surveying
GIS SOFTWARE
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GIS SOFTWARE
Pioneers in GIS,
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Arc Toolbox:
Thanks
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