RA 9165: The

Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002

Villaherm
osa 2016

Drug Use
strong feelings of euphoria
drug abuse
continued use of the drug that leads to
dependence

drug dependence

associated with withdrawal and tolerance

drug addiction
inability to stop using drugs

Drug Target
mesolimbic dopamine system

Cannabinoids
CANNABINOIDS
marijuana (grass, pot, joint)
hashish (hemp, boom)
effects:
euphoria, relaxation, well-being, grandiosity,
slowed reaction time, panic attacks, psychosis
decline of mental health, visual hallucinations

psychoactive substance:
tetrahydrocannabinol (causes the 'high')

Cannabinoids

Opioids
OPIOIDS
analgesics (morphine, hydrocodone,
oxycodone, codeine)

heroin (Diacetylmorphine, dope)

opium (Laudanum)
effects:
euphoria, drowsiness, heaviness
HIV, hepatitis (injection)

detection: morphine in the system

Opioids

Stimulants
STIMULANTS
uppers, temporary alertness and energy
cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride, crack,
coke)
amphetamine (Biphetamine, Dexedrine)
methamphetamine (Desoxyn, meth, ice,
speed, shabu)
effects: increased heart rate,
metabolism, alertness, bruxism (meth)
detection: benzoylecgonine in urine

Stimulants

Club Drugs
CLUB DRUGS
used in clubs and parties
MDMA
(methylenedioxymethamphetamine,
ecstasy)
Flunitrazepam (date rape drug, Rohypnol)
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (liquid ecstasy)
effects: lowered inhibition, memory loss,
empathic feelings/feelings of intimacy,

Club Drugs

Dissociative Drugs
feelings of being separate from one's
body and environment
Ketamine
Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust)
Salvia divinorum
Dextromethorphan (robo tripping)
effects: visual and auditory distortion,
floating

Dissociative Drugs

Hallucinogens
altered states of perception and
feeling
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Mescaline
Psilocybin (magic mushroom)
effects: flashbacks, hallucinations,
nausea, tremors

Hallucinogens

Anabolic Steroids
stimulate growth of tissues and
muscles, increased production of
red blood cells
variable quality: created in
clandestine labs
health risks: kidney disease, liver
disease, excess body hair
testosterone, oxandrolone

Anabolic Steroids

Inhalants
vapors from toxic substances inhaled to
reach a quick high
highloss of inhibitiondrowsiness
damage to lungs and brain
solvents (paint thinners, gasoline)
gases (aerosol propellants, butane)
methods: sniffing, huffing, spraying,
bagging

RA 9165

Date of effectivity: June 7, 2002

Final signatory: GMA
13 articles, 102 sections
Penalties:
drug pushing: life imprisonment, P 500,00010 million
manufacture of drugs: life imprisonment, P
500,000 to 10 million
possession of illegal drugs: life
imprisonment, P 500,000-10 million

RA 9165
Use of dangerous drugs
first offense: 6 months rehab
second offense: 6-12 years imprisonment
and P 50,000-200,000 fine

Lab exam on arrested offenders: officer

should have REASONABLE grounds
Dangerous Drug Board: policy-making
body
PDEA: implementing body/law
enforcement/ investigation

Drug Testing
Facilities/Equipments
Screening: at least 20 sq.m. floor
area with a 10 sq.m. working area
Confirmatory: at least 60 sq.m. floor
area with a 30 sq.m. working area
can accommodate at least 5 patients
at one time
handwashing area, toilet stalls

Drug Testing
HEAD OF THE LAB
Clinical Pathologist
Licensed physician w/ certification
in Clinical Laboratory Management
by the DOH
10: maximum screening labs a
physician can handle (within 5
kms)

Drug Testing

Drug Testing
Specimens
with ID number
blood, fingernails, saliva, scalp hair (1 cm
above the scalp), sweat, tissue
URINE: most common
60 mL is needed
prolonged storage at (-20 degrees C)
for pre-employment, random testing,
reasonable cause, mandatory testing

Drug Testing
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
the signatures of the people who
handled the samples from collection to
disposal
part of the Custody and Control Form
(documentation)
Authorized Specimen Collector:
instructs, assists, and receives/inspects
specimens

Drug Testing
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
Screening
Immunoassay: kits
result: positive or
negative
performance of
confirmatory validity (2nd
test on a different aliquot)

Drug Testing
Confirmatory test:
Gas
chromatography/mass
spectrometry
concentration of the
drug
RESULTS ARE VALID
FOR ONE YEAR

Drug Testing

Drug Testing

Drug Testing
Mandatory
driver's and firearms license
law enforcers
public officers
RA 9165 violators
convicted of a crime with more than 6 years
imprisonment (drug use is an aggravating
circumstance)

Random
employees, students

Drug Testing
PERSONNEL
verify CoC, perform test, certify results,
perform QA
Screening:
chemist, MT, pharmacist, chemical engineer

Confirmatory:
CHEMIST (trained in GC-MS)
MT, Pharmacist, Chem.Eng. (trained in
screening)
security personnel at all times

Drug Testing
Lab Records
training records
custody and control form
info on the specimen, date/time of collection,
name of lab, chain of custody form

QA records
reports
calculations in test results

License validity
Screening Lab: 1 year

Drug Testing
Retention of specimens
Negative: 5 days
Positive, Adulterated, Substituted,
Invalid: 15 days minimum
Judicial proceedings, upon
request: up to a year

Tampering of Specimens
ADULTERATION
with a substance not normally present in the
test specimen
e.g. bleach (slows Ab-Ag reaction),
ammonia/liquid soap/table salt (increase
pH), hydrogen peroxide (destroys 50% of
THC)
DILUTION
less than normal physiological constituents
(diuretics, water)

SUBSTITUTION

Parameters for Validity Test

Color
Appearance: clear
Odor: aromatic
Volume: 30-60 mL
Temperature: 32-38 degrees C
pH: 4.0-9.0
Specific Gravity: 1.003-1.030
Creatinine: <20 mg/dL (dilution)

Drug Testing
VIOLATIONS
issuance of false results
suspension and revocation of license
6-12 years imprisonment
Php 100,000-500,000 fines

others (reprimand, suspension, revocation):

failure to protect confidentiality
failure to pass proficiency trainings
criminal offense of owner or manager
failure to refer positive results

investigator: BHFS