FISIKA ZAT PADAT I

DOSEN : DR. IWANTONO, M.PHIL

JURUSAN FISIKA
FMIPA-UR

FAKTOR KEMASAN ATOM (ATOMIC

PACKING FACTOR=APF)
APF didefinisikan sebagai volume atom
yang mengisi sel satuan dibagi oleh
volume sel satuan.

KUBUS SEDERHANA (SMPLE CUBC

=SC)

c
a
Kemasan optimum

ATOMIC PACKING FACTOR OF SC

KARAKTERISTIK KUBUS SEDERHANA

Volume sel satuan=a.(bxc)=a3
Volume sel primitif= a.(bxc)=a3
Bilangan koordinasi=6
Jumlah atom tiap sel satuan=(1/8)x8=1
a
Jarak tetangga terdekat=a
Jejari bola atom=(1/2)a
APF=(2/6)
Rapat atom=1/ a3
3

KUBUS PUSAT BADAN )BODY CENTERED CUBIC=BCC)

BCC mempunyai dua titik kisi

sehingga BCC merupakan sel a nonprimitive.
BCC mempunyai 8 bilangan
koordinasi. Tiap atom pada arah
diagonal bidang saling bersentuhan.
Metal (Fe, Li, Na.. etc), termasuk
alkali mempunyai struktur BCC

ATOMC PACKNG FACTOR OF BCC

(0,433a)

Vektor translasi primitif BCC

I)

a1 1 a x y z
2

1 a x y z
a

2 2
a 1 a x y z
3 2

Vektor translasi primitif kisi kubus:

simple cubic

face-centered cubic

a1 ax

a 2 ay
a az
3

a1 1 a x y
2

1
a 2 2 a y z
a 1 a z x
3 2

a1 1 a x y z
2

body-centered cubic

1 a x y z
a

2 2
a 1 a x y z
3 2

EEE539 Solid State Electronics

FACE CENTERED CUBIC (FCC)

Ada atom pojok dan atom pusat muka.
Bilangan koordinasi sejumlah 12
Face centered cubic mempunyai 4 atom jadi
merupakan sel non primitive.
Kristal metals (Cu, Ni, Pb ..etc) berstruktur
FCC.

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

ATOMC PACKNG FACTOR OF

FCC

0.74

FCC

(0,3535a)

Sel primitif FCC merupakan

jenis Kisi Bravais apa?

HEXAGONAL SYSTEM

A crystal system in which three equal coplanar axes

intersect at an angle of 60, and a perpendicular to the
others, is of a different length.

HEXAGONAL CLOSE PACKING (HCP)

18

TRICLINIC & MONOCLINIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM

Triclinic minerals are the least symmetrical. Their three
axes are all different lengths and none of them are
perpendicular to each other. These minerals are the most
difficult to recognize.

Triclinic (Simple)
90
o
a b c

Monoclinic (Simple)
= = 90o, 90o
a b c

Monoclinic (Base Centered)

= = 90o, 90o
a b c,

ORTHORHOMBIC SYSTEM

Orthorhombic (Simple) Orthorhombic (Base- Orthorhombic (BC)

= = = 90o
centred)
= = = 90o
a b c
= = = 90o
a b c
a b c

Orthorhombic (FC)
= = = 90o
a b c

TETRAGONAL SYSTEM

Tetragonal (P)
= = = 90o
a = b c

Tetragonal (BC)
= = = 90o
a = b c

RHOMBOHEDRAL (R) OR
TRIGONAL

Rhombohedral (R) or Trigonal (S)

a = b = c, = = 90o

DIAMOND STRUCTURE
C, Si, Ge, -Sn

Add 4 atoms to a FCC

Tetrahedral bond arrangement
Each atom has 4 nearest neighbors and
12 next nearest neighbors

23

Crystal Structures of
Elements

Kittel, pg. 23

Notice: hcp vs. fcc in same column

24

Hexagonal crystals Miller-Bravais Indices

a3

Intercepts 1 1 -
Plane (1 1 2 0)

(h k i l)
i = (h + k)

a2

a1

The use of the 4 index notation is to bring out the equivalence

between crystallographically equivalent planes and directions

Examples to show the utility of the 4 index notation

a3

a2

a1
Intercepts 1 -1

Intercepts 1 -1

Miller (1 1 0 )

Miller (0 1 0)

Miller-Bravais (1 1 0 0 )

Miller-Bravais (0 1 1 0)

Examples to show the utility of the 4 index notation

a3

a2

Intercepts 1 -2 -2
Plane (2 1 1 0 )

a1

Intercepts 1 1 -
Plane (1 1 2 0)

Intercepts 1 1 - 1
Plane (1 1 2 1)

Intercepts 1 1 1
Plane (1 0 1 1)

Directions Directions are projected onto the basis vectors to determine the components

[1120]

a1

a2

a3

Projections

a/2

a/2

Normalized wrt LP

1/2

1/2

Factorization

Indices

[1 1 2 0]

SEKIAN
TERIMAKASIH